Walden

Question 1

(audible between 1st and 2nd heart sound)

Answer 1

Systolic murmurs

Question 2

(high pitch), heard at mitral area- radiates to left axilla

Answer 2

MR/mitral regurg

Question 3

(medium pitch) heard at AORTA area- radiates to neck

Answer 3

AS/aortic stenosis

Question 4

(midsystolic click) heard at mitral area

Answer 4

MVP/mitral valve prolapse

Question 5

ABNORMAL ASSOC WITH AORTIC/PULMONIC VALVES (audible between 2nd and 1st heart sound)

Answer 5

Diastolic murmurs

Question 6

(high pitch) heard at AORTA area

Answer 6

AR/aortic regurg

Question 7

(low pitch with bell) heard at mitral area

Answer 7

MS/mitral stenosis

Question 8

closure of atrioventricular valves , state of systole

Answer 8

S1

Question 9

closure of semilunar valves

Answer 9

S2

Question 10

heard in pulmonic, sign of CHF, S3 gallop heard in pregnancy and thyrotoxicosis/ know other presentations of HF

Answer 10

S3

Question 11

heard in elderly not associated with heart disease, normal

Answer 11

S4

Question 12

apical/radial pulse taken at same time, find difference

Answer 12

Pulse deficit

Question 13

causes sudden death in young athletes

Answer 13

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Question 14

5th ICS midclavicular, apex, apical area, PMI, apical pulse

Answer 14

Mitral area

Question 15

2nd ICS to the right side of upper border of sternum,

Answer 15

Aorta area

Question 16

First time audible LOUD WITH PALPABLE THRILL

Answer 16

Grade of murmurs 4

Question 17

lifestyle modification changes, lose weight, stop smoking, reduce sodium, limit alcohol, adequate electrolytes

Answer 17

HTN- first line therapy

Question 18

arterioles pressing on veins, arteries are smaller than veins, its hypertensive retinopathy, copper wire arterioles, flamed shaped hemorrhages

Answer 18

HTN- AV nicking

Question 19

America flag change of colors fingertips toes TX CCB

Answer 19

Raynaud’s phenomenon

Question 20

narrowing of the large blood vessel that leads from the heart, systolic BP on lower extremities is supposed to be higher compared to upper extremities, in COA its vice/versa (weak radial pulse and bounding femoral pulse) CAUSED BY CONGENITAL HEART DEFECT

Answer 20

Coarctation aorta

Question 21

Impedance of arterial blood flow in lower extremities ankle brachial index

Answer 21

Peripheral arterial disease

Question 22

check pedal pulses, ABI test exercise by walking lifestyle modifications -smoking cessation, antiplatelet

Answer 22

Peripheral arterial disease TX

Question 23

varicose veins result from venous incompetence secondary to valvular dysfunction, low extremity edema, skin discoloration, ulceration, DVT/PE are complications warm to touch

Answer 23

Chronic venous insufficiency

Question 24

light exercise, stockings, weight loss, elevate legs

Answer 24

Chronic venous insufficiency TX

Question 25

right side heart fx, causes HF, pulm HTN, tricuspid valve stenosis, superior vena cava obstruction, constrictive pericarditis, hypervolemia, cardiac tamponade

Answer 25

Jugular vein distention

Question 26

sharp pain, worsens laying down

Answer 26

Pericarditis

Question 27

infection of the endocardium Fever is the most common symptom of IE TX amoxicillin or macrolide

Answer 27

Bacterial endocarditis

Question 28

An abnormally large decrease in stroke volume, systolic blood pressure and pulse wave amplitude during inspiration. The normal fall in pressure is less than 10 mmHg. Associated with status asthmatic-us

Answer 28

Pulsus paradoxes or paradoxical pulse

Question 29

Atrial and diastolic pressures in the ventricle and pericardial pressures as well as exaggerated inspiratory decrease in arterial systolic pressure (pulsus paradoxus) and arterial hypotension

Answer 29

Cardiac tamponade

Question 30

Most often present at birth but can occur in adults after surgery or a heart attack involves a hole in the wall between the heart's lower chambers, blue skin from poor circulation. TX Lasix, Lisinopril, percutaneous vsd closure sx, self-heal,

Answer 30

Ventricular septal defect

Question 31

hyperkalemia, Vision changes (unusual), including blind spots, blurred vision, changes in how colors look, or seeing spots Dx digoxin level, electrolytes

Answer 31

Digoxin toxicity

Question 32

Chest pain relieved by rest

Answer 32

Angina

Question 33

Chest pain not relieved by rest squeezing tightness, elephant sitting on my chest, ST Elevation and tomb stone on EKG

Answer 33

MI

Question 34

First line TX Ace or Arb

Answer 34

CHF

Question 35

TX first line life modifications, niacin fenofibrate

Answer 35

Cholesterol\<200 HDL \>40 LDL \<100, Triglycerides \<150

Question 36

side effect confusion, rhabdo-lab is CK, no grapefruit, antifungals, abxs,

Answer 36

Statins

Question 37

Abdominal obesity, HTN, hyperlipidemia, related to diabetes

Answer 37

Metabolic syndrome

Question 38

Weight/height Greater than 25

Answer 38

BMI