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Walls Flashcards

(100 cards)

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1
Q

What is the primary function of a load-bearing wall?

A

To support the weight of the building above.

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2
Q

What type of wall primarily divides interior spaces and doesn’t support structural weight?

A

Non-load-bearing wall (or partition wall).

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3
Q

What type of wall is designed to resist lateral forces like wind and earthquakes?

A

Shear wall.

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4
Q

What is the purpose of a retaining wall?

A

To hold back soil or other materials at different elevations.

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5
Q

What type of wall is built with fire-resistant materials to contain a fire?

A

Firewall.

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6
Q

What are low walls extending above the roofline often called?

A

Parapet walls.

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7
Q

Walls defining the perimeter of a property are known as what?

A

Compound walls or boundary walls.

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8
Q

What are walls constructed from individual units bonded together with mortar called?

A

Masonry walls.

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9
Q

Name three common materials used in masonry walls.

A

Brick, stone, concrete block.

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10
Q

What type of wall is known for its strength and durability and can be poured in place or precast?

A

Concrete wall.

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11
Q

What type of wall consists of a framework of vertical wooden studs?

A

Timber wall (or stud wall).

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12
Q

What material is often used for studs in non-load-bearing interior partitions as an alternative to timber?

A

Metal studs (steel studs).

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13
Q

What type of exterior wall construction features two separate walls with a gap in between for insulation?

A

Cavity wall

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14
Q

What are typically non-load-bearing exterior walls made of wood or composites, often used for aesthetics?

A

Panel walls.

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15
Q

What are concrete panels manufactured off-site and then assembled called?

A

Precast walls.

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16
Q

What are non-load-bearing exterior walls made primarily of glass supported by a framework called?

A

Glass walls (or curtain walls).

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17
Q

What are interior walls made of gypsum panels attached to a stud frame called?

A

Drywall walls (or plasterboard walls).

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18
Q

What are non-structural facing layers of material applied to a structural wall for aesthetics called?

A

Veneered walls.

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19
Q

What are walls where the facing and backing are made of different materials bonded together called?

A

Faced walls.

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20
Q

What are walls covered with vegetation for aesthetics and insulation called?

A

Green walls (or living walls).

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21
Q

What type of concrete block wall is lightweight and offers insulation properties?

A

Hollow concrete block wall.

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22
Q

What are cost-effective and space-saving non-load-bearing interior walls for aesthetic division called?

A

Thin brick walls.

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23
Q

What are walls that don’t extend to the full height of a room called?

A

Partial walls (or dwarf walls).

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24
Q

What wall configuration features fewer interior walls to maximize open space?

A

Open plan.

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25
What wall configuration uses more interior walls to create distinct rooms?
Closed plan.
26
What are the horizontal members at the top of a wall frame called?
Top plate (or double top plate).
27
What is the horizontal member at the bottom of a wall frame called?
Bottom plate (or sole plate or floor plate).
28
What are the main vertical framing members in a wall called?
Studs.
29
What horizontal structural members are placed above door and window openings?
Headers (or lintels).
30
What are the full-height studs on either side of a door or window opening called?
King studs.
31
What shorter vertical studs support the ends of the header?
Jack studs (or trimmer studs).
32
What are the short vertical studs above a header or below a sill called?
Cripple studs (top cripples or bottom cripples).
33
What horizontal member is placed at the bottom of a window opening?
Sill.
34
What are short horizontal pieces installed between studs for firestops or lateral support called?
Blocking (or noggings or fire blocks).
35
What diagonal or horizontal members provide lateral stability to the wall frame?
Bracing.
36
Name one type of let-in bracing.
Diagonal boards recessed into studs.
37
What type of bracing uses metal straps run diagonally across studs?
Metal strap bracing.
38
What sheathing material can also act as bracing when properly fastened?
Plywood or OSB.
39
What are the first horizontal members anchored to the foundation in timber framing called?
Wall plates (or sill plates).
40
What are common fasteners used in wall frames?
Nails and screws.
41
What is the first step in assembling a wall frame after reviewing plans?
Mark the wall location on the subfloor.
42
What is the typical spacing for studs in a wall frame?
400 - 600mm
43
After cutting the plates, what is the next component typically attached?
End studs.
44
What type of studs directly support the header above an opening?
Jack studs (or trimmer studs).
45
What is the purpose of a second top plate?
To tie walls together, add strength, and provide a continuous bearing surface.
46
What tool is used to ensure a wall is perfectly vertical after it's stood up?
Level.
47
What is the process of making a wall perfectly vertical called?
Plumbing.
48
What is used to identify bows or curves along the length of a wall frame?
Long straight edge or taut string line.
49
What are diagonal members used to temporarily stabilize a wall frame called?
Temporary bracing.
50
Where are temporary braces typically attached?
To the studs and top plate, and anchored to the subfloor or adjacent walls.
51
What is the most common method for permanently fixing timber frame components?
Nailing.
52
What type of fastener offers better holding power than nails?
Screws.
53
What pre-fabricated items are used for strong connections between framing members?
Metal connectors.
54
What is the primary method for joining steel studs in metal frame construction?
Welding.
55
What exterior material, when properly nailed, acts as permanent lateral bracing?
Sheathing (plywood or OSB).
56
What type of permanent bracing involves diagonal members recessed into the studs?
Let-in bracing.
57
What are specialized metal connectors anchored to the foundation to resist uplift called?
Hold-downs.
58
How is the bottom plate of a wall frame typically connected to the subfloor?
Nailing or screwing.
59
What are embedded in concrete slabs to secure the bottom plate of walls?
Anchor bolts.
60
What type of bottom plate is often used when in contact with concrete foundations?
Pressure-treated lumber (sill plate).
61
How are rafters or trusses typically connected to the top plate of a wall frame?
Nailing.
62
What metal connectors are used to provide a stronger connection between roof framing and wall top plates in high wind areas?
Hurricane ties or rafter ties.
63
What type of walls are designed to directly support the weight of the roof?
Load-bearing walls.
64
What framing members within the roof help prevent walls from spreading apart?
Collar ties and rafter ties.
65
What is the primary purpose of non-load-bearing framing?
Dividing interior spaces and supporting finishes.
66
Name two common materials used for non-load-bearing framing.
Timber (2x4 or 2x3 studs) and metal (light-gauge steel studs).
67
What is a common stud spacing for non-load-bearing walls?
400 - 600mm
68
What horizontal members run along the top and bottom of studs in non-load-bearing walls?
Top and bottom plates.
69
What framing is used above door and window openings in non-load-bearing walls?
Headers (lintels).
70
What short vertical studs support the header in non-load-bearing walls?
Jack studs.
71
What horizontal pieces are installed between studs for fire stopping or fixture attachment in non-load-bearing walls?
Blocking (noggings).
72
What type of framing uses offset studs on separate plates for sound isolation?
Staggered stud walls.
73
What type of framing uses two separate rows of studs with a gap for high sound isolation?
Double stud walls.
74
How are curved non-load-bearing walls often achieved?
Using flexible framing materials or closely spaced studs.
75
What type of non-load-bearing wall doesn't extend to the full height of a room?
Part-height wall (dwarf wall).
76
What is the primary purpose of supplementary framing in additions?
To create a structurally sound connection between the new and existing building.
77
What does supplementary framing help support in additions?
New loads (roof, walls, floor, etc.).
78
What framing is added around new door or window openings in existing walls?
Headers, trimmers (jack studs), and cripple studs.
79
What might supplementary framing do to existing load paths?
Modify them to accommodate alterations.
80
What can supplementary framing be used for when existing framing is inadequate?
Repair, reinforce, or replace it.
81
What does supplementary framing help create between old and new building sections?
Smooth and structurally sound transitions.
82
What does supplementary framing provide for new finishes and fixtures in altered areas?
Secure attachment points.
83
What aspect of the building envelope can supplementary framing address in additions?
Proper support for new rooflines and wall extensions.
84
What might alterations trigger that supplementary framing helps achieve?
Bringing parts of the existing structure up to current building codes.
85
Where is supplementary framing typically located in additions and alterations?
At the interface and within the immediate vicinity of the new work.
86
What is the main purpose of supplementary framing for substrates or linings?
Creating a suitable, level, and structurally sound surface for attachment.
87
What are strips attached to uneven walls to create a level surface called?
Furring strips.
88
What type of framing is installed below existing ceilings for a level plane and services?
Furring channels or a suspended ceiling grid.
89
What are timber strips laid over uneven floors to create a level subfloor called?
Sleepers.
90
What can supplementary framing create behind linings for utilities and insulation?
A cavity.
91
What type of framing can improve sound isolation?
Decoupled framing (e.g., with resilient channels).
92
What can the cavity created by supplementary framing be filled with to improve energy efficiency?
Insulation.
93
What architectural features can be created using supplementary framing?
Curved walls, soffits, dropped ceilings.
94
What does supplementary framing ensure for specific substrates like tile backer boards?
Proper spacing and support.
95
Where is supplementary framing typically installed to accept substrates or linings?
Directly onto or adjacent to the existing structural elements.
96
What is the first priority when undertaking repair and maintenance framing work?
Safety.
97
What is crucial to identify to prevent future damage in repair work?
The source of the problem (e.g., moisture, infestation).
98
What should be installed if a load-bearing member is being removed or altered?
Temporary support.
99
What is the process of attaching a new, sound member alongside a damaged one called?
Sistering.
100
What should always be adhered to when undertaking framing repairs?
Local building codes and regulations.

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