War

Question 1

War with Austria

Answer 1

• 20 April 1792
• LA declares war: driven by Brissot and the Girondins
• Believed it would refocus the rev, build nationalism and consolidate French power in Europe
• Changed the mood within France
• Led to a radicalisation of the rev
• Led to the 1st Tuileries Palace Invasion
• Caused the demise of LA
• “Panic intensified existing fears and suspicions into full-blown paranoia” (Adcock)

Question 2

Brunswick Manifesto

Answer 2

• 25 July 1792
• Duke of Brunswick (Austrian-Prussian commander) declares Paris responsible for safety of the royal family
• Failure to meet demands would lead to “an ever-memorable vengeance

Question 3

Civil War

Answer 3

• Triggered by CCoc, economic hardship, execution of louis, conscription and foreign war
• Occurred in two forms, Vendee Rebellion and Federalist Revolt
• Direct threat to rev
• Consequences: radicalised the rev, cemented the use of terror
• Led to Danton’s call: “Terror to be the order of the day.”

Question 4

The Vendee Uprising

Answer 4

• March 1793-96
• Vendee was culturally separate from Paris and didn’t identify with the rev
• Final trigger: forced conscription
• Led to the terror being used in rural areas
• Allowed the sans-culottes to the influence the NC
• Sorokin estimated 58,000 deaths
• Symbolises the division of the revolution
• Use of violence against own people

Question 5

The Federalist Revolt

Answer 5

• 1793-94
• Triggered by expulsion of Girondins, foreign war, anger at power in Paris, concern over the influence of the sans-culottes
• Argued for a Federal government and more autonomy
• Aug to Oct 1793, an average of 26 people were guillotined a day

Question 6

France suffers early defeats

Answer 6

• July 1792
• Led to panic
• Triggered the 2nd Tuileries Palace Invasion
• Triggered the September Massacres