War and peace Flashcards
(25 cards)
Who came up with just started theory
Augustine of hippo
What is a civil war
State of violence between two groups
What is Jus ad bellum ?
What does Augustine say about it ?
The criteria for Going to War , can be considered just. “ A just war is one that avenges wrong when a nation or state has to be punished , for refusing to make amends for the wrongs inflicted by its subjects or to restore what has seized unjustly
Jus in bello
The conduct required duiring war in order for the war to be considered just
Just post bellum
The conditions for ensuring justice after the war is over
What statement did the Roman Catholic Church make statements in support for just war theory
‘ the challenge for peace by the us national conference of the catholic bishops in 1983
Just as bellum
War should be waged for the right reason for Augustine “A just war is one that avenges wrongs , when a nation or state has to be punished , for refusing to make make a me Da for the wrong inflicted on its subjects
An example
War is waged because numerous civilians have b been attacked
What does vardy suggest about ‘ just cause ‘
Open and j c,hwk e could be to detain decent human existence this may not be a big enough injustice , he suggests should a just war theory before severe injustices like widespread human rights abuse eg racism
Analysis
May lead to idea defenders always right aggressor is wrong
Could a just cause cause injustices or attacks occurring which do not directly impact the aggressor , is it even right to intervene on the behalf or in support of another
What does Jeff MC Mahan say
War is to complex to be assessed for the idea of a just war being paraticale as there are too many garage,es , indecrepsises and overlapping causes
Authority
What does aquinas believe
Must be accepted by government Aquinas believes just as the governed,not take action when they’re are ‘ internal disturbances to punish evildoers ‘ so too can government do this to punish the evildoers of the country
Just intention
Aquinas argues …
Analysis of vardy
Right attitude Aquinas believes it’s ‘ advancement of good avoidance of evil’ agrees with Augustine and that the wrong intention is ‘ the passion for inflicting harm , the cruel thirst for veganance example and relentless spirit.
Vardy suggests difficulties with criterion was when Italy invaded Ethiopia sanctioned by the bishop of Milan it was opening the gates of the Ethiopia to catholic faith and Roman civilization,
Example war bringing about justice and peace Britain in Ww2 trying to take down Nazis. For vardy the idea of civilians others would be wrong and unless are arguing just intention is culturally relative rather than providing a objective assessment.
Proportionality
War a s a response to injustice this is in relation to the size of something else
Example when Britain went to war with Nazis , atomic 💣 ont jamb Harotimza anayalsi importnat as stops uneccesary violence
Last resort
War should only be waged if crisis has failed example halt a confrence peace talks taken place CAJ Coach argues not every option been tried some too absurd or counter productive take action immediately if country in grave danger als argues degree of subjectivity numerous stages of peace talk
Likelihood of success
Reasonable chance intended outcome achieved
Ww2 Britain declaring going to war with Churchill and speeches having triple entente
Vardy argues that this could lead to build of forces to increase likelihood of success yet this has implication of maybe added destruction and harm
Diffult to predict link hood war is complex
Smaller countries could never wage war as there chance ofsuccess are lowered coast argues “ desperate circumstances where one may need to act against the odds “ for example extermination of slave trade inequality and racism
Comparative justice
Both sides must be fairly considered , must see dispute form others point of view for example Cold War , in Iraq argued Britain didn’t see from Iraq that they had no possessions of dangerous harmful weapons
Vardy argues almost always be justice on both sides of the dispute therefore nearly all wars are justified. Countries rarely see Sch others point of view as if u see others point of view potentially unwilling to fight him
Jus in Bello principle of proportionality
The use of weapons bemuse be in proportion to the threat posed
Example in Iraq using small cluster bombs precision booming to specifically target Sadium Hussian , however still concerns 150,000 Iraqi civilians died during the Iraq war
Principle of discrimination
War should discriminate between civilians and non civilians with the aim of ensuring no civilians are harmed. There should be no direct attacks on civilians or indiscriminate that put civilians at risk.
CAJ Coady argues
Impractical to have war in which no civilians are harmed. Aim should be the unintended consequences of otherwise just actions
What does bower suggest
If a civilian population supports a war that is unprovoked surely guilted than solider defender themselves in a unprovoked war.
Jus post bellum
History glorifies the winners example of Britain defeating nazis and Britain textbooks
At Mercury of adversaries . Cultures could potentially be wiped from 🌎.
but the long lasting aim here if the conduct of wars victors to losers establishing long lasting peace. For Iraq the peace agreement to end major combat operations yet arguably didn’t achieve in the long term
Punishment
If the losing nation or military committed violations genocide appropriately punished eg Nuremberg trials nazi war criminals , also the treaty of Versailles
Should apply to all participants of the war
Proportionality
Any peace settlement should be fair rather than vindictive
