Ward-GI Flashcards

Question

What is the octanoic acid breath test?

Answer 1

pt eats a meal with radioactive material breath samples taken see how fast the stomach is emptying

Answer 2

lactose intolerance

Answer 3

``` severe dehydration from vomiting GERD Bezoars malnutrition decreased QOL ```

Answer 4

``` DM2 autonomic neuropathy diabetic autonomic neuropathy neuroendocrine tumors duodenitis myopathy viral infections abnormalities of ICC nitric oxide synthase loss hypothyroidism ```

Answer 5

True. You can do intrapyloric botox injections to make it easier for the sphincter to open & stomach contents to move along.

Answer 6

``` six small meals a day chew food well no carbonated beverages walk after a meal avoid high fat or fibrous foods maybe a liquid or puree diet ```

Answer 7

Metoclopramide (Reglan): dopamine antagonist Erythromycin (motilin receptor agonist) Cisapride (serotonin receptor 4stimulation)

Answer 8

``` dopamine antagonist increases gastric contractions relaxes pyloric sphincter decreases N/V SE: fatigue, depression ```

Answer 9

motilin receptor agonist. stimulates the migrating motor complex increases smooth muscle contraction SE: cramps, nausea, altered cardiac conduction

Answer 10

serotonin receptor-4 stimulation | SE: cardiac arrhythmias.

Answer 11

gastric electrical stimulation place electrodes in abdominal wall reduces symptoms of vomiting may affect pacemakers of stomach or feedback to vagal afferents.

Answer 12

chronic inflammation of the stomach or duodenum caused by increased stomach acid or pepsin or H. Pylori **duodenal ulcers more common than stomach ulcers **stomach ulcers have a greater risk for malignancy

Answer 13

upper abdominal pain Nausea ulcer pains w/i 1-2 hours after meals

Answer 14

super thickened & narrow pyloric sphincter (olive shaped mass in abdomen). see peristaltic waves projectile nonbilious vomiting presents in the neonate labs: vomiting-- hypokalemia, hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis (loss of gastric acid)

Answer 15

intestinal walls are hypo motile | looks like an obstruction, but there is no blockage

Answer 16

scleroderma muscular dystrophy MS

Answer 17

motility studies X-rays gastric emptying studies **could be caused by smooth muscle, enteric nerve, ICC problems

Answer 18

``` abdominal pain diarrhea constipation malabsorption of nutrients weight loss failure to thrive small bowel enlargement ```

Answer 19

surgical removal of affected area

Answer 20

Too much absorption of water from bile. Too much cholesterol in bile, leading to precipitation. Too much absorption of bile acids from bile. Inflammation of the epithelium **erythrocytosis can also cause

Answer 21

Female 40s fair overweight

Answer 22

sudden pain in the upper right abdomen. This pain, called a gallbladder attack or biliary colic, occurs when gallstones block the ducts of the biliary tract.

Answer 23

Cholesterol stones: yellow green, hardened cholesterol, more common pigment stones: dark, bilirubin

Answer 24

when a pt has abdominal inflammation (peritonitis) | acute pancreatitis

Answer 25

having diverticula in the colon, which are outpocketings of the mucosa through weaknesses of muscle layers in the wall. These are more common in the sigmoid colon and increases in incidence in age after 40. Complications cause considerable morbidity in the USA.

Answer 26

A bulge in the small intestine present at birth. Avestigial remnant of the yolk stalk, and the most frequent malformation of the GI tract being present in 2% of the population.

Answer 27

False. Higher rate.

Answer 28

spastic colon chronic abdominal pain discomfort, bloating, changed bowel movements treated with nutrition, meds, probiotics, mental health therapy.

Answer 29

``` post-infection young age prolonged fever anxiety, depression brain-gut signal problems GI motor problems hypersensitivity mental health bacterial gastroenteritis small intestinal bacterial overgrowth altered NT ```

Answer 30

Crohn's Ulcerative Colitis a virus or bacterium, alters the body's immune response, triggering an inflammatory reaction in the intestinal wall. The onset for both diseases peaks during young adulthood. An individual with either disease may suffer persistent abdominal pain, bowel sores, diarrhea, fever, intestinal bleeding, or weight loss. can also see anemia, skin rashes, arthritis, eye inflammation.

Answer 31

``` aminosalicylates antibiotics corticosteroids immunosuppressants biologics (infliximab etc) cyclosporine ```

Answer 32

also known as congenital aganglionic megacolon) is the commonest cause of lower intestinal blockage (obstruction) in the newborn and later a cause of chronic constipation or chronic diarrhea. The abnormal condition often presents at birth due to absence of enteric nerves (ganglia) in the bowel wall. Can affect entire colon (5%) and intestine. treatment: remove affected colon.

Answer 33

infectious causes | or noninfectious: anatomic defects, hormonal imbalance, feeding problems, food poisoning, malabsorption, tumors, misc

Answer 34

painful condition in which the skin lining the anal canal is torn. Anal fissures are generally caused by constipation or a forceful bowel movement. A constricted internal anal sphincter may also be important. Once the skin is torn, each subsequent bowel movement can be painful. sometimes mistaken for or associated w/ hemorrhoids.

Ward-GI Flashcards

(59 cards)