Warfare through time 1500-1700

Question 1

what changed between 1500 and 1700

Answer 1

the size of armies increased, and the amount of artillery increased

Question 2

what were bellmen replaced with

Answer 2

pikemen

Question 3

what replaced the long bow

Answer 3

muskets

Question 4

what were two types of muskets, and which came first

Answer 4

Arquebs then the matchlock

Question 5

why was archery got rid of?

Answer 5

The new styles of Tudor farming meant there wasn’t so much open land to practice on, and shepherds who took over much of the land were seen as weaker than labourers.

Question 6

where did the pikemen originate from?

Answer 6

Switzerland

Question 7

What was different between schiltrons and pikemen

Answer 7

the pikemen were armoured, and eventually had musketeers in their ranks

Question 8

when did the government say no more archers were to be trained

Answer 8

1595

Question 9

what type of soldier first got pistols?

Answer 9

the cavalry

Question 10

what was a dragoon

Answer 10

a dragoons were mounted infantry who used guns, and dismounted to fight. They had no armour

Question 11

Was there a specific date when archery was changed to muskets

Answer 11

no

Question 12

Who first used dragoons

Answer 12

the French

Question 13

how were cannon proof walls made

Answer 13

they had thick low walls filled with earth so the cannons often missed and when they did hit they didn’t shatter the old high walls, and instead just sank into them. They had bastions which gave flanking fire as they stuck out of the walls, and the walls and bastions were angled to glance the balls off the walls.

Question 14

how long did it take 50,000 men to take a fort that had cannon defences and only 3000 men on guard (‘s-Hertogenbosch)

Answer 14

six months

Question 15

what is a bastion

Answer 15

a part of the defences of a town or fort that sticks out from the line of the walls

Question 16

what were the main wars about in the 1500 and 1600s

Answer 16

sieges and control of territory

Question 17

why did pikemen and musketeers need each other in battle

Answer 17

musketeers could only fire once in the time it took a cavalry charge to go from out of range to hitting them, pike men could defend against cavalry, but not against musketeers and cavalry with pistols.

Question 18

why were matchlocks not very effective

Answer 18

they could miss fire, at night you could see the glow of the matches, so surprise attacks often failed, and they did not work in rain because of the burning match,

Question 19

why were flintlocks better than matchlocks and how did they work

Answer 19

pulling the trigger made a hammer strike the flint. This caused a spark. They loaded twice as quickly and removed the need for a burning match.

Question 20

why were flintlocks not made the main weapon for a long time

Answer 20

they were delicate and very expensive

Question 21

when were flintlocks fully adopted by the army

Answer 21

1690s

Question 22

how were the parliamentarian forces recognisable at Edge Hill

Answer 22

they wore an orange scarf.

Question 23

what colour coats did the New Model Army wear

Answer 23

red

Question 24

what percentage of time was spent at peace between 1500-1699

Answer 24

20.5%

Question 25

what percentage of time was spent at official war between 1500-1699

Answer 25

61%

Question 26

what percentage of time was spent at unofficial war

Answer 26

11.5%

Question 27

what percentage of time was spent in cold war

Answer 27

7%

Question 28

what were the three periods between 1500-1699

Answer 28

Tudors, English Civil Wars and the English Republic, and the Restoration and war abroad

Question 29

when did the Tudors come to power?

Answer 29

1485

Question 30

what were the main features of the Tudor system of recruiting

Answer 30

All men between 16-60 were supposed to serve.
They had to provide their own weapons according to levels of income.
There were general musters in each county where all men had to attend and show their arms, and they did training.
There were fines for not attending general musters.
the monarch appointed lord lieutenants in each county to run the militia
In theory the law said the militia could not be made to fight outside the county unless the country was invaded

Question 31

was conscription legal

Answer 31

no, not strictly, but they still used it.

Question 32

what was a trained band

Answer 32

a proportion of the men from each country who met once a month during the summer to train.

Question 33

what does a muster master do

Answer 33

they are professional soldiers who run the training

Question 34

why were muster masters created

Answer 34

threat of Spanish invasion

Question 35

what happened to the muster masters

Answer 35

the muster masters were taken over by local gentlemen who were of higher class and did not like taking orders from the original lower class muster masters

Question 36

what was the effect of local gentlemen taking over the muster master position

Answer 36

the training got worse

Question 37

how many rows did musketeers fight in

Answer 37

six

Question 38

how did the musketeers work

Answer 38

they moved through the gaps between to reach the front.

Question 39

did war overseas attract many volunteers or were they mainly pressed

Answer 39

they were mainly pressed, with few volunteers

Question 40

how fatal was war over seas? give an example

Answer 40

very fatal, of 12000 sent to fight in Germany in 1625 only 10% were alive next year.

Question 41

how many men were sent overseas in the last 17 year of Elizabeth’s reign

Answer 41

105,810

Question 42

how effective was the English army

Answer 42

against the Scottish they were very successful, but overseas they were not so.