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Washington Flashcards

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1
Q

What is USA’s second largest wine producing state?

A

Washington

~5% of doemestic production

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2
Q

What percentage of California’s wine comes out of Napa?

A

~4%

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3
Q

Name three labels owned by Ste Michelle Wine Estates

A 
Chateau Ste Michelle
Columbia Crest
Erath
Col Solare
Patz and Hall
Stag's Leap Wine Cellars
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4
Q

What percentage of Washington’s production is made by a Ste Michelle owned estate?

A

nearly 60%

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5
Q

who is the world’s largest producer of Riesling?

A

Ste Michelle Wine Estates

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6
Q

Aside from Ste Michelle, name three major players in Washington state.

A

Hogue Cellars
Hedges Family Estate
K Vintners
Gallo

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7
Q

What mountians create the rainshadow over eastern washington?

A

The Cascades

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8
Q

What is the general climate of eastern Washington?

A

arid continental
strong diurnal swing averaging a difference of 28º F between day and night, but can be as much as 40º in lower lying areas

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9
Q

How many inches of rain does Yakima Valley typically receive annually?

A

8 inches

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10
Q

What mountain range is to the north and east of the Columbia Basin?

A

The Rockies

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11
Q

What direction the ridgelines of the Columbia Basin run?

A

east-west

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12
Q

What anticlines and synclines?

A

Anticline: ridgeline
Syncline: the valley between two ridgelines

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13
Q

How high can anticlines and synclines in the Columbia Basin go up?

A

Anticlines can be up to 4,000 ft

Synclines rarey higher than 1,000 ft

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14
Q

What is the ridged area of Columbia Basin known as?

A

Yakima Fold Belt

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15
Q

Where is it coldest in the Columbia Basin?

A

lower elevations as cold air is bottlenecks in the valleys/synclines

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16
Q

Above what elevation are most eastern Washington vineyards planted?

A

Above 1,000 feet.

Below that there is frost pressure, fewer degree days and warmer temps

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17
Q

What are the warmest AVAs in Washington? Why?

A

Red Mountain AVA
Wahluke Slope AVA
Horse Heaven Hills AVA
They’re all on the south side of anticlinal ridges, so both elevation and aspect maximize sunshine

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18
Q

Name a couple techniques used as “insurance” against harsh winter frost in Washington.

A

Dual-trunk training

Buried canes over the winter

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19
Q

What disease are vines especially prone to after a hard winter freeze?

A

Crown gall

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20
Q

What two geologic events have shaped the Columbia Basin’s bedrock?

A

17-6 Million years ago: Intense volcanic activity

12-18k years ago: Missoula floods

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21
Q

Where is Lake Missoula and why did it flood?

A

It is a glacial lake in Montana. It was once dammed by a glacial ice sheet that was melting towards the end of the ice age. When the ice broke and the dam became overwhelmed, huge floods raced across WA.

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22
Q

How was the Wallula Gap formed?

A

It was a water gap in the basalt that became a channel through which the Missoula floods flow westward.

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23
Q

What are the Touchet beds?

A

Nutrient rich deposits along the channels carved by the Missoula floods. The flood waters would bring gravel, and fine sediments. They can be over 100 ft deep at the lowest points.

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24
Q

Where is the basalt closest to the surface in Washington?

A

On the syncline peaks. Lower down have layers of flood sediment on top

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25
What sits on top of the Basalt bedrock and flood deposits in the Washington?
Windblown loess, silty loam | Can be dozens of feet deep
26
What term describes the nature of the soils in the Columbia Basin?
"Eolian"- shaped by the force of the wind
27
Who is the "Father of Washington Wine"
Dr. Walter Clore
28
What did Dr. Walter Clore do?
From 1937-1970s He spearheaded efforts to prove that vinifera could withstand the harsh WA winter. He planted experimental vinifera vineyards and researched which sites would work best.
29
Where were some of the first Vinifera vines planted in Washington?
Muscat on Snipes Mountain AVA planted in the 1917
30
When was Associated Vintners founded in Washington? What winery has it become?
1962 | Now known as Columbia Winery
31
What project did Andre Tchelistcheff consult on in Washington? What are they known as today?
American Wine Growers | Now known as a little winery called Chateau Ste. Michelle
32
Who was winemaker for Columbia Winery from 1979-2005?
David Lake, a British MW | Celebrated as a guiding force of Washington wine
33
Where did Bob Betz, MW make wine before launching Betz Family Winery in 1997?
Bob Betz made wine for Chateau Ste Michelle for 20 years
34
What two grapes crompise roughly 2/3 of Washington's acreage?
CS and Merlot
35
What percentage of Washington state's vinifera are grown within Columbia Valley AVA?
95%
36
What was the first AVA of Washington? When was it promoted?
Yakima Valley AVA | 1983
37
When did Columbia Valley become an AVA? What other WA AVA was created that year?
1984 | Walla Walla Valley AVA
38
What AVAs are shared between Washington and Oregon?
Columbia Valley AVA Walla Walla Valley AVA Columbia Gorge AVA
39
What AVA is shared between Washington and Idaho? When was it promoted?Which state has a majority of it?
Lewis-Clark Valley AVA 2016 Mostly in Idaho
40
What AVAs of Washington are not nested in the Columbia Valley AVA?
Puget Sound AVA Columbia Gorge AVA Lewis-Clark Valley AVA
41
What AVAs are nested in Columbia Valley AVA?
``` Yakima Valley AVA Walla Walla Valley AVA Red Mountain AVA Horse Heaven Hills AVA Rattlesnake Hills AVA Wahluke Slope AVA Lake Chelan AVA Snipes Moutnain AVA Naches Heights AVAThe Ancient Lakes of Columbia Valley AVA Rocks of Milton-Freewater AVA (OR) ```
42
How big is the Columbia Valley AVA?
11 million total acres! 45,000 acres planted to vines about 1/4 of Washington's total land
43
Name three important vineyards of Columbia Valley AVA not in a nested AVA
Sagemoor Cold Creek Stillwater Creek
44
When was Sagemoor Vineyards founded? What sites does it encompass?
``` 1968 4 sites: Sagemoor Dionysus Bacchus Weinbau (falls in Wahluke Slope AVA) ```
45
What vineyard is the flagship of Chateau Ste Michelle? When was it planted?
Cold Creek | The oldest CS vines date back to 1973
46
What are the sub-AVAs of Yakima Valley?
Red Mountian AVA Snipes Mountain AVA Rattlesnake Hills AVA
47
What Gap is at he northern entrance to Yakima Valley AVA?
Union Gap
48
What is the river of Yakima Valley AVA?
Yakima River
49
Where and when was Washington's first Syrah planted?
Red willow Vineyard in Yakima Valley AVA | 1986
50
What are three vineyards of Yakima Valley AVA?
Red Willow Vineyard Boushey Otis
51
Where and when was Washington's first Cabernet planted?
Otis Vineyard in Yakima Valley AVA | 1957
52
Where in Yakima is Red Mountain AVA
The warmer, eastern end
53
What is Washington's warmest, smallest, most densely planted AVA?
Red Mountain AVA
54
Why makes Red Mountain AVA red?
the abundant cheatgrass turns a dullish red in the springtime
55
Name 3 vineyards located on Red Mountain AVA
Kiona Ciel du Cheval (both planted 1975) Klipsun
56
Name some producers based in Red Mountain AVA
Force Majeure Upchurch Vineyards Col Solare (Cht Ste Michelle x Antinori)
57
What is the lowest point of Snipes Mountain AVA?
750 ft on the Southern side, 820 ft on the north. Up to the summit of 1,310 ft
58
What is the main producer of Snipes Mountain AVA?
Upland Vineyards | Todd Newhouse, the owner, drafted the AVA petition
59
In what Yakima AVA is Riesling important?
Rattlesnake Hills AVA | it's slightly cooler than Red Mountain and Snipes Mountain
60
Name 3 important vineyards of Rattlesnake Hills AVA
Two Blondes Dubrul Morrison Vineyard (planted in 1968)
61
What rivers run through Walla Walla Valley AVA?
``` 3 rivers! Columbia River Walla Walla River Snake River The Wallula Gap is right at the confluence of the three. ```
62
What forms the eastern border of Walla Walla Valley AVA? How does it affect the climate?
The Blue Mountains | a "rain backdrop"- significantly more rainfall the further east one goes
63
What are two subregions of eastern Walla Walla Valley AVA that could be future AVAs?
Mill Creek | North Fork of Walla Walla Valley
64
What is the soil of most of Walla Walla Valley AVA?
Thick Loess, reaching 25-30 ft deep
65
Who first planted vinifera in Walla Walla Valley? When?
Gary Figgins in 1974 | He founded Leonetti in 1977
66
Who are the "Founding fathers" of Walla Walla?
``` Gary Figgins (Leonetti) Rick Small (Woodward Canyon) Baker Ferguson (L'Ecole) Eric Rindal (Waterbrook) ```
67
Where are Cayuse and Pepperbridge located?
Walla Walla Valley AVA
68
In what part of Walla Walla Valley AVA does Chrostophe Baron grow grapes for Cayuse?
Just across the border from The Rocks of Milton-Freewater AVA. He is one of the reasons that the AVA was created.
69
Name some important vineyards of Walla Walla Valley AVA
Pepper Bridge Seven Hills Vineyard SeVein is being developed on the Oregon side as a continuation of Seven Hills
70
What is Vinea?
The Winegrowers Sustainable Trust, formed in 2004 committed to promoting sustainability amongst its members. They provide guidelines and collaborates w Oregon's LIVE to certify wineries. 2/3 of Walla Walla's wine grape acreage is with Vinea, though not necessarily certified.
71
Explain the location of Horse Heaven Hills AVA
Sandwiched between Yakima Valley AVA and the north banks of the Columbia River (Oregon is on the other side). Wallula Gap is the eastern boundary.
72
What percentage of the state's grapevine acreage is in Horse Heaven Hills AVA? What is the top grape here?
~25% | Cab Sauv
73
Name three important vineyards of Horse Heaven Hills AVA
``` Champoux (planted in 1972) Alder Ridge Canoe Ridge Phinny Hill Benches VIneyard (Longshadow) ```
74
What is the climate of Horse Heaven Hills AVA?
Very windy. Slightly cooler than Red Mountain, warmer than Yakima. Winter frost prone but low disease pressure. Small, thick skinned berries.
75
What mountains are to the north of Wahluke Slope AVA?
Saddle Mountains | Columbia River is to the weest and south
76
What is Washington's driest AVA?
Wahluke Slope AVA | Irrigation is necessary
77
What is the main grape of Ancient Lakes of Columbia Valley AVA?
Riesling
78
What is the northernmost AVA of Washington?
Lake Chelan AVA
79
What are the top grapes of Lake Chelan AVA?
Riesling and PN
80
Where are most of Washington's dry-farmed vineyards located?
Western Columbia Gorge AVA. | Rainfall is ~8 in on the east side, up to 36+ on the west end
81
Where is the Atavus Vineyard? Who planted it and what is the grape?
Columbia Gorge. Pinot Noir planted by Walter Clore in 1968. Dry Farmed!
82
What is the most important vineyard of Columbia Gorge AVA?
Celilo Vineyard. PN, Chardonnay, Gewurz. Planted in 1972
83
What are some subregions of Columbia Valley AVA?
Underwood Mountain Hood River Valley (Oregon side) The Dalles is in Oregon just outside of the AVA
84
What and where was Washington's first bonded winery?
St. Charles in Puget Sound in 1933. | mostly Labrusca
85
Where are most of the vineyards of Puget Sounds located?
On the islands: Bainbridge San Juan Lopez
86
What is the most sparsely planted AVA in Washington?
Puget Sound AVA

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