Waste & Excretion

Question 1

Negative Feedback Loop for Dehydration

Answer 1

-NC: Hydrated
-Cause: Intense exercise without water
-Change: H2O concentration in blood decreases
-Receptor: Osmoreceptors
-CT: Pituitary gland
-Effector: ADH is released
-Change: Water is reabsorbed, thirst, drink water

Question 2

What are the two organs in which some detoxified drugs are removed?

Answer 2

Kidney and Liver

Question 3

What two nutrients are reabsorbed into the blood due to active transport?

Answer 3

Glucose and amino acids

Question 4

Where is the distal tubule found?

Answer 4

Renal cortex

Question 5

Name three functions of the kidney

Answer 5

-Filter wastes
-Control blood pressure through water concentration
-Control acidity using HCO3

Question 6

What is the chain of waste being broken down/converted, starting from amino acids?

Answer 6

-Amino acids are broken down into ammonia in liver
-Ammonia is converted to urea in liver

Question 6

What two parts of the nephron are located in the renal medulla?

Answer 6

Collecting duct
Loop of Henle

Question 6

Origin of waste for water?

Answer 6

Cellular Respiration

Question 7

Which two parts of the nephron does the most water get reabsorbed in?

Answer 7

Loop of Henle
Proximal Tubule

Question 8

Excretory organs for urea?

Answer 8

Kidneys
Skin

Question 9

Excretory organs for mineral salts?

Answer 9

Kidneys
Skin

Question 10

Excretory organs of CO2

Answer 10

Lungs, intestine, skin

Question 11

What extra substances is the kidney supposed to excrete?

Answer 11

Urea, salts, water

Question 12

What type of animals excrete ammonia and why?

Answer 12

-Aquatic animals
-Because it can be quickly diluted and removed using water

Question 13

What type of animals excrete urea and why?

Answer 13

-Terrestrial animals
-Urea is less toxic, so requires less water to be stored safely

Question 14

What type of animals excrete uric acid and why?

Answer 14

-Birds and other mammals which drink minimal water
-Because uric acid requires minimal water to be stored safely

Question 15

Swollen legs are a sign of what?

Answer 15

Kidney’s inability to maintain fluid homeostasis (renal failure)

Question 16

Two options if kidney function is extremely low?

Answer 16

-Transplant
-Dialysis

Question 17

What is an opt-in organ donation policy?

Answer 17

You must give permission for them to take your organ

Question 18

What are the two situations which can decrease the amount of urine?

Answer 18

-Eat salty food
-Sweat