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Basic Wastewater Collection and Treatment > Wastewater COLLECTION and Treatment > Flashcards

Wastewater COLLECTION and Treatment Flashcards

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1
Q

absorption

A

The taking in or soaking up of a substance into the body (cell) by molecular or chemical action

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2
Q

activated sludge

A

sludge particles produced in clarified wastewater by the growth of organism in the aeration tank in the presence of DISSOLVED OXYGEN

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3
Q

activated sludge process

A

the secondary wastewater treatment process which utilizes activated sludge for the REMOVAL OF POLLUTANTS

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4
Q

adsorption

A

the gathering of gas, liquid, or dissolved substance on the surface of another material

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5
Q

aerobic

A

when OXYGEN is present

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6
Q

anoxic

A

a condition of oxygen DEFICIENCY or insufficient oxygen

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7
Q

biochemical oxygen demand

A

a laboratory measure of the strength of wastewater. it is the MEASURE of the rate of the USE OF OXYGEN BY MICROORGANISMS while stabilizing decomposable organic matter under aerobic conditions. (5 day)

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8
Q

bound water

A

water contained within the cell mass of sludges or strongly held on the surface of colloidal particles. one of the two causes of bulking sludges in the activated sludge process.

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9
Q

breakpoint chlorination

A

addition of chlorine to water or wastewater until the chlorine demand has been satisfied at which point further additions of chlorine result in a residual directly proportional to the amount of chlorine added beyond the breakpoint.

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10
Q

brinelling

A

a type of BEARING FAILURE. tiny indentations (dents) high on the shoulder of the bearing race or bearing.

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11
Q

buffer

A

a solution of liquid whose chemical makeup neutralizes acids or bases without a great change in pH

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12
Q

carbonaceous stage

A

generally referred to as first stage BOD. a stage of decomposition that occurs in biological treatment processes when aerobic bacteria using dissolved oxygen change carbon compounds into carbon dioxide.

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13
Q

cavitation

A

the formation and collapsed of gas bubbles on the blade of an impeller or valve causing the removal of some of the metal. it generally creates noticeable noise in the volute of pump casings.

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14
Q

chemical oxygen demand

A

another laboratory measure of the strength of wastewater. a measure of the oxygen-consuming capacity of organic matter present in wastewater. COD usually runs higher than BOD for split samples (4 hours)

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15
Q

chemical precipitation

A

precipitation induced by the addition of chemicals

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16
Q

chlorine contact unit

A

a baffled basin that provides sufficient detention time for disinfection to occur**

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17
Q

ciliates

A

a class of single-celled protozoans having short cilia (hairs) on all or part of their bodies

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18
Q

coagulation

A

the clumping together of very fine particles into larger particles (floc) caused by the use of chemical coagulants

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19
Q

coliform

A

a type of bacteria. it is used as a surrogate in testing for the potential presence of pathogenic organisms

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20
Q

combined available chlorine

A

the total chlorine, present as chloramines or other combined derivatives. combined available chlorine is still available for disinfection purposes but is not as aggressive as free chlorines

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21
Q

combined sewer

A

a sewer designed to carry both sanitary wastewater and storm water runoff

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22
Q

comminutor

A

a shredding device used to reduce the size of larger solids in wastewater streams

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23
Q

cross connection

A

any connection between a potable water supply and a supply of questionable quality

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24
Q

denitrification

A

the reduction of nitrate nitrogen to nitrogen gas under anaerobic conditions

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25
detention time
the length of time it takes to fill a tank at a given flow rate. the theoretical time it takes for a plug of water to flow from the entrance of a tank to the exit of the tank.
26
digester
a unit (tank) into which sludge is placed to undergo further treatment, either under aerobic or anaerobic conditions
27
disinfection
the process of killing or inactivation most pathogens in wastewater
28
dissolved oxygen
molecular oxygen dissolved in water. normally referred to as DO.
29
effluent
that treated water which exists or leaves the wastewater treatment process. in one sense the product which is generated by the processes.
30
facultative
bacteria are those who can live and thrive under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions
31
facultative pond
the most common type of pond in use today. the upper layer is under aerobic conditions while the lower layers are under anaerobic conditions.
32
floc
clumps of bacteria and particles that have come together to form a cluster
33
force main
a pipeline which carries wastewater under pressure from a pump or lift station to a point at which gravity drain occurs
34
free available chlorine
the amount of uncombined chlorine available in water. it may take one of three forms: dissolved chlorine gas, hypochlorous acid (HOCL), or hypochlorite ion (OCL-)
35
hepatitis
an inflammation of the liver usually caused by an acute viral infection. yellow jaundice is one symptom.
36
hydraulic loading
a measure of the volumetric flow which a plant (unit) in the plant receives. important because plant (unit) performance is directly impacted by the rate of flow.
37
hydrologic cycle
the water cycle. the natural process of evaporation, precipitation, and water movement across through and under the surface of the earth as it returns to oceans to begin the cycle over again.
38
imhoff cone
a clear, one liter cone-shaped container with graduations used to measure settleable solids
39
free chlorine
molecular chlorine in liquid or gaseous form
40
infiltration
seepage of groundwater into wastewater collection systems through smalls cracks and imperfections of the collection pipeline system
41
inflow
water discharged into the sanitary wastewater collection system resulting from rainfall runoff
42
influent
wastewater entering or flowing into a plant (unit) for the purpose of treatment
43
inhibitory substances
materials (chemicals) which kill or interrupt the growth of bio-organisms
44
mean cell retention time (MCRT)
a measurement of the time that a microorganism will spend in the activated sludge process before it is wasted out to sludge treatment
45
mechanical aeration
the use of paddle wheel, mixer, or rotation brushes to agitate the surface of the water exposing water to the air allowing it to become oxygenated
46
meniscus
the curved column of liquid in a small tube such as a graduated cylinder or flask
47
milligrams per liter (mg/L)
a measure of the concentration by weight of a substance per unit volume
48
mixed liquor
the contents of the aeration tank or basin which contains wastewater, activated sludge, and air
49
mixed liquor suspended solids
suspended solids in the mixed liquor of an aeration tank
50
multi-stage pump
a pump that has more than one impeller.
51
NPDES (LPDES) permit
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System - the permit system used by the Federal EPA (State LDEQ) to control effluent discharges from wastewater treatment systems
52
nitrification
the process by which bacteria change the ammonia and organic nitrogen in wastewater into oxidized nitrogen (nitrites and nitrates). sometimes called second stage BOD.
53
organic waste
waste material which comes from animal or plant sources. it contains carbon-based molecules.
54
overflow rate
one of the design guidelines for clarifiers in treatment plants. used by operators to determine if clarifiers are over or under loaded.
55
oxidation
the addition of oxygen to an element or compound. the opposite of reduction.
56
POTW
publicly owned treatment works
57
package treatment plant
a smaller wastewater treatment plant often fabricated offsite then delivered and installed onsite
58
pathogenic organisms
disease causing organisms: bacteria, viruses, cysts. Examples are typhoid, cholera, and dysentery.
59
percolation
the movement or flow of water through soil or rocks
60
pH
an expression of the intensity of the basic or acidic condition of a liquid. the reciprocal of the hydrogen ion concentration.
61
plug flow
the concept of a "plug" of water moving down a pipeline or through a tank without mixing with other water. it helps conceptualize the length of time it takes for water to pass through the pipeline or tank.
62
pollution
the impairment of water quality by wastes
63
ponding
a condition occurring on trickling filters when the spaces become overgrown by the biological growth and therefore hold water. this can also be caused by trash or media breakdown.
64
potable water
drinking water suitable for drinking. this includes that which is intended for use in bathrooms, safety showers, eyewash stations and similar situations
65
protozoa
a group of one celled microscopic organisms that often consume or graze on bacteria as a food source
66
raw wastewater
untreated wastewater (gray musty, 99.9% water)
67
representative sample
a sample which is as nearly IDENTICAL in content and consistency as possible to that in the tank or stream being sampled. it will accurately represent the average value of the parameter present in the water column at the given sample period.
68
residual chlorine
the concentration of chlorine present in water after the chlorine demand has been satisfied (left over)
69
retention time
same as detention time. the time water is held in a clarifier or tank (water held in clarifier)
70
rotameter
a device used to meter gases and liquids
71
rotating biological contractor (RBC)
a form of secondary treatment similar in function to trickling filters. biological slime (zoogleal mass) grows on a partly submerged circular plastic media which is rotated in flowing wastewater.
72
rotifers
a multicellular microscopic animal characterized by short hairs on the front end. they are characteristic of a good health sludge in the activated sludge process.
73
sludge volume index (SVI)
an index which indicates the ability of an activated sludge process or other secondary treatment processes
74
secondary treatment
biological treatment steps which convert dissolved colloidal materials into a biomass which is more easily removed from the wastewater stream
75
seed sludge
a mass of sludge containing microorganisms used to start or replenish the activated sludge process or other secondary treatment processes
76
septic
anoxic, the condition of not having oxygen present
77
sewage
used household water. known also as sanitary wastewater.
78
sewer gas
gases found in collection lines and manholes resulting from the decomposition of wastes prematurely. they can be poisonous and explosive. examples are methane and hydrogen sulfide.
79
sludge
settleable solids separated from the wastewater during processing
80
sludge density index (SDI)
similar to SVI, it indicates the ability of a sludge to settle in the secondary clarifiers
81
sludge age
a measure of the length of time (days) a particle of activated sludge has been present and recycled in the process
82
sludge digestion
the process of stabilizing the waste sludges in which the organic matter is changed biologically to water and gases and more stable solids. this can be by anaerobic or aerobic processes
83
stabilized waste
a waste that has been treated or decomposed to the extent that, it discharged or released its rate and state of decomposition would not cause a nuisance or odors
84
step feed aeration
a modification of the activated sludge process in which more air is fed into the head of the aeration tanks to minimize oxygen sag
85
storm sewer
sewers designed to carry rainfall runoff
86
surface loading
one of the guidelines for the design of settling tanks and clarifiers in treatment plants
87
suspended solids
solids that are suspended in water or wastewater and which are removable by laboratory filtering
88
total organic carbon (TOC)
a laboratory test which measures the amount of organic carbon in water
89
tertiary treatment
any process of water treatment that upgrades wastewater to meet advanced requirements past the state of secondary treatment. also called advance waste treatment.
90
thrust block
a mass of concrete or similar material appropriately placed around a pipe to prevent movement from water hammer or other forces when the pipe is carrying water
91
trickling filter
a treatment process in which the wastewater trickles over media that provide the opportunity for the formation of slimes or biomass which contain organisms that feed upon and remove wastes from the water being treated
92
trickling filter media
rocks, plastic redwood, or other durable material that make up the body of the filter for biomass to grow upon
93
turbidity unit (TU)
a measure of the cloudiness of water
94
velocity head
the energy in flowing water determined by the vertical height (in feet)
95
volatile matter
matter in wastewater, water or other liquids that is lost on ignition of the dry solids at 550 degrees C
96
volute
the spiral shaped casing which surrounds a pump, blower, or turbine impeller and collects the liquid or gas discharged by the impeller
97
wastewater
a community's used water and water carried solids that flow to a treatment plant. stormwater and groundwater infiltration also may be included in the wastewater that enters a treatment plant.
98
water cycle
the process of evaporation of water into the air and its return to earth by movement, and runoff into rivers, streams, and the ocean. also called the hydrologic cycle.
99
water hammer
the sound like someone hammering on a pipe that occurs when a valve is opened or closed very rapidly. this can easily cause serious damage to pipes.
100
weir
a wall or plate placed in an open channel and used to measure that flow of water
101
wet well
a compartment or tank in which wastewater is collected prior to being pumped
102
zoogleal film
a complex population of organisms that form "slime growth" on the trickling filter media and break down the organic matter in wastewater
103
zoogleal mass
jelly-like mass of bacteria found in both the trickling filter and activated sludge processes. these masses may be formed for or function as the protection against predators for storage food supplies.
104
air gap
an open, vertical drop, or vertical empty space between a drinking (potable) water supply and the nonpotable point of use

Basic Wastewater Collection and Treatment (2 decks)

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