Water

Question 1

water is

Answer 1

the medium for life and solvent for biological reactions

Question 2

Organism typically contains how many percent of water

Answer 2

70 -90 %

Question 3

Chemical reactionss occur in

Answer 3

aqueous medium

Question 4

Water is a

Answer 4

A critical determinant of the structure and function of proteins, nucleic acids, and membranes

Question 5

two kinds of forces or attractions that operates on a molecule

Answer 5

intramolecular and intermolecular forces

Question 6

Intramolecular forces of attraction holds

Answer 6

atoms together in a molecule, aka=chemical bond

Question 7

chemical bond is either

Answer 7

covalent or ionic

Question 8

Intermolecular forces of attraction is between

Answer 8

molecules or ions, MM, MI, II,

Question 9

WHAT KIND OF IMF Is between H and Cl

Answer 9

intramolecular forces

Question 10

what kind of imf is between two HCl

Answer 10

intermolecular forces of attraction

Question 11

separation of electric charge leading to a molecule having a electric dipole moment

Answer 11

polarity

Question 12

electronegativity

Answer 12

measure of the tendency of an atom to a attract a bonding pair of electrons

Question 13

what does it mean if an atom has a high electronegativity

Answer 13

electrons are more attracted to that atom

Question 14

what is the trends of electronegativity in the periodic table

Answer 14

increasing from left to right

decreasing from top to bottom except noble gases

Question 15

what element is the most electronegative?

Answer 15

Fluorine

Question 16

what do you call a charge with an uneven distributions of atom

Answer 16

polar

Question 17

example of polar and why?

Answer 17

ammonia and water, there is an uneven electron density since nitrogen is more electron negative than hydrogen. thus the electron cloud is greater in nitrogen. the partial charge will be the nitrogen is partially negative and the hydrogen is partially positive

Question 18

ionic bond means

Answer 18

there is an electron transfer between atoms

Question 19

covalent bond means

Answer 19

there is an electron shared between atoms

Question 20

ionic bond usually results to

Answer 20

ions having charges since the electron was transferred like Na+ and Cl-

Question 21

covalent bond usually results to

Answer 21

no charge unlike ionic since the atoms are sharing electrons

Question 22

what do you call when there is an equal distribution of electrons?

Answer 22

non polar

Question 23

lauric acid is generally what and becausse

Answer 23

non-polar since the non-polar parts are longer than the polar parts

Question 24

amphipathic means

Answer 24

a molecule has both polar and non polar parts

Question 25

ionic interactions

Answer 25

attractive force that involve ions

Question 26

types of ionic interactions

Answer 26

ion ion, ion-dipole, van der waals

Question 27

a dipole is

Answer 27

a polar molecule

Question 28

ion ion dipole is

Answer 28

attraction between two ions of opposite charges

Question 29

example of ion ion dipole is

Answer 29

na+ and ch3cD0-

Question 30

ion dipole is

Answer 30

attraction between ion and polar molecule

Question 31

example of ion dipole

Answer 31

na+ and h20; cl- and h20

Question 32

van der waals forces are

Answer 32

attractions that does not include ions and are applicable only to molecules

Question 33

example of dipole dipole interaction

Answer 33

H2 and S

Question 34

dipole dipole interaction is

Answer 34

attraction between polar molecules

Question 35

a special type of dipole dipole interaction

Answer 35

hydrogen bonding

Question 36

hydrogen bonding is

Answer 36

electrostatic attraction between a molecule with a highly electronegative element (O,F,N) to the hydrogen atom of another molecule

Question 37

how many degrees is the space between the hydrogen atoms of a water molecule

Answer 37

104. 5 degrees

Question 38

how many degrees is the space between the hydrogen atoms of a water molecule

Answer 38

104. 5 degrees

Question 39

the structure of water is called

Answer 39

distorted tetrahedron

Question 40

water has

Answer 40

4 election pairs on four sp3 orbitals

Question 41

how many lone pairs does a water molecule have?

Answer 41

two lone pairs

Question 42

two pairs covalently link hydrogen atoms to

Answer 42

central oxygen atom

Question 43

the electronegativity of the oxygen atom induces

Answer 43

net dipole moment

Question 44

water can serve as

Answer 44

both hydrogen donor and acceptor

Question 45

the importance of hydrogen bonds

Answer 45

``` source of unique structure of water structure and function of proteins of DNA of polysaccharides binding of substances to enzymes bing of hormones to receptors matching of mRNA to tRNA ```

Question 46

likke dissolves like means

Answer 46

p p np np np and p no interaction

Question 46

likke dissolves like means

Answer 46

p p np np np and p no interaction

Question 47

attraction happens between

Answer 47

opposite charges

Question 48

attraction happens between

Answer 48

opposite charges

Question 49

repulsion happens between

Answer 49

like charges

Question 50

water is a good solvent for _____ like_____

Answer 50

charged and polar substances like amino acids and peptides, small alcohols, carbohydrates

Question 51

water is a poor solvent for ___ like ____

Answer 51

non-polar substances like np gases, aromatic moieties, aliphatic chains

Question 52

hydrophobic effect meanss

Answer 52

asssociation or folding of non polar molecules in the aqueous solution

Question 53

main factor behind protein folding

Question 54

wwhat happens during protein folding when the proteins interact with water

Answer 54

the hydrophobic part folds and settled in the interior while the hydrophilic part settles on the exterior attracted to water