Water

Question 1

What temp is water at its highest density

Answer 1

4 Deg C

Question 2

Specific heat

Answer 2

Must gain or loose large amt of energy before temp change

Question 3

Water is the universal…

Answer 3

solvent

Question 4

pH rain

Answer 4

5.6 (acidic)

Question 5

closed system

Answer 5

linkage between shortage of water and movement of water

Question 6

recharge area

Answer 6

water percolates through water table

Question 7

rainwater and meltwater runoff responds DIRECTLY to

Answer 7

topography, soil, characteristics of the precipitation

Question 8

rainwater and meltwater responds INDIRECTLY to

Answer 8

variations in climate, vegetation, and land use

Question 9

watershed

Answer 9

geographic area of land in which the precip drains to a common point on a stream pond lake or other body of water, includes surface and groundwater flow

Question 10

Lotic system

Answer 10

continuously flowing water

Question 11

stream classification sytem

Answer 11

Based off of how many streams are going into it, and what level they6 are

Question 12

headwaters

Answer 12

swift and erosional

Question 13

lower reaches

Answer 13

slower and depositional

Question 14

allochthonous

Answer 14

external loading

Question 15

autochthonous

Answer 15

internal loading

Question 16

External / internal loading aspects

Answer 16

○ CPOM- coarse particular organic matter
○ FPOM- fine particular organic matter
○ DOM- Dissolved organic matter
Primary production (photosynthesis)

Question 17

lentic systems

Answer 17

lakes

Question 18

lotic systems

Answer 18

streams rivers

Question 19

water residence time

Answer 19

how long is a molecule of water in the lake

Question 20

wind influence on bodies of water

Answer 20

surface water
spirals of water
then it affects nutrients for fish

Question 21

Slosh

Answer 21

wind continuously on a lake that makes the water push to one side

Question 22

epilimnion

Answer 22

warm water @ top

Question 23

thermocline

Answer 23

rapid temp change

Question 24

hypolimnion

Answer 24

cold water

Question 25

what causes stratification in lakes

Answer 25

temp

Question 26

fall turnover

Answer 26

lakes mix, always most dense at 4 deg C

Question 27

What happens at bottom of lake that causes less O2

Answer 27

decomposition

Question 28

Nutrient sink

Answer 28

lakes high concentratins of P and N

Question 29

P used for life science

Answer 29

atp dna

Question 30

N used for life science

Answer 30

amino acids protien

Question 31

oligotrophic

Answer 31

nutrient poor, x a lot of sediment

Question 32

mesotrophic

Answer 32

medium nutrients thermocline some algae in late summer

Question 33

eutrophic

Answer 33

high nutrients, shallow murky water, sediment buildup, many plants

Question 34

lakes with a lot of silt impact light T F

Answer 34

T light attenuation

Question 35

density salt water greater than or less than freshwater

Answer 35

greater than

Question 36

why differences in salinity

Answer 36

currents, evap, lakes going into ocean, etc.

Question 37

what drives tides

Answer 37

centripital force and grav pull

Question 38

spring tide

Answer 38

grav force from sun and moon working together (new moon) biggest tides

Question 39

why do coriolis happen

Answer 39

earths rotation right northern hemisphere

Question 40

convection currents cause

Answer 40

trade winds

Question 41

what drives the amount of precip in atmosphere

Answer 41

subtropic convergence zone

Question 42

gyres

Answer 42

warm current circulating with cold currents (columbus)

Question 43

+ CO2 = + or - pH of ocean

Answer 43

-

Question 44

CO2 bio pump =

Answer 44

• Input of carbon dioxide into oceans = biological pump = basis of food web= connection of CO2 driving primary production in ocean = basis of life Light = energy

Question 45

biolimiting nutrients

Answer 45

N and P

Question 46

C:N:P redfield ratio

Answer 46

106 16 1

Question 47

upwelling, bring up

Answer 47

nutrients (more prod.)

Question 48

La Nina / El Nino

Answer 48

wind patterns occuring in the southern pacific ocean drives upwelling

Question 49

polar regions

Answer 49

• Low light levels • Cold temp • Nutrient rich • Biologically productive Mostly plankton and microbes

Question 50

temperate regions

Answer 50

• Between 23.5N and 60 N (or south) • Moderate light levels • Seasonal temperatures • Nutrient rich coastlines Biologically productive

Question 51

Tropical regions

Answer 51

• High light levels • High temp • Nutrient poor Biologically diverse

Question 52

ecotone

Answer 52

transition zone between biotic communitiies

Question 53

Wetlands

Answer 53

area of land where soil saturated with moisture permanently or seasonally acts as a filter for water

Question 54

Bogs

Answer 54

○ Precipitation dominated ○ Peat deposits and sphagnum moss ○ Acidic waters ○ Low nutrients ○ Waterlogged Often underlain by permafrost

Question 55

Vernal pool, wet meadow, wet prarie

Answer 55

○ Precipitation dominated ○ Areas of high interannual variation in precipitation ○ Depressions formed following last glaciation Important habitat for over 50% of NA migratory waterfowl

Question 56

fen

Answer 56

○ Nutrients and water from the ground ○ Mostly northern hemisphere ○ Less acic higher nutrients than bogs ○ Higher diversity than bogs Peat-forming

Question 57

Marsh

Answer 57

○ Surface water dominated ○ Frequent or conditionally inundated with water ○ Often open water ○ Emergent vegetation ○ High nutrients neutral pH ○ Tidal freshwater marsh Water influenced by tides but too far upstream to be inundated by salt water

Question 58

Hydrological functions of a wetland

Answer 58

reduce water flow = less floods groundwater recharge and discharge

Question 59

Nictification

Answer 59

inorganic nitrogen to ammonium, nitrate, then nitrite

Question 60

4 types of wetland flora

Answer 60

emergent floating submerged

Question 61

estuaries

Answer 61

semi enclosed costal embayment with river discharge

Question 62

Shorelines

Answer 62

rate of sediment accreation vs sediment removal

Question 63

things that affect zonation

Answer 63

temp salinity wave impact competition

Question 64

Rocky intertidal zone

Answer 64

high tide- underwater low tide-out of water zone