Water

Question 1

Source water

Answer 1

Untreated water (raw) used to produce drinking water

Question 2

Finished water

Answer 2

Water (drinking water) delivered to the distribution system after treatment

Question 3

Use of residential water in the US

Answer 3

Average person- 100 gallons per day
Average resident- 100,000 gallons per year
50-70% used outdoors
* Landscape-51%

Question 4

Surface water

Answer 4

All water on the surface

ex- lakes, rivers, reservoirs, ponds, oceans

Question 5

Ground water

Answer 5

Water that is contained in the interconnected pores in aquifer

Question 6

WOTUS

Answer 6

Clean Water Act- federal jurisdiction over navigating water of the United States
Wetlands highly regulated
Ditches, waste treatment systems, pools, waterfall depression- Not WOTUS (EPA won’t come after you)

Question 7

Water availability

Answer 7

70% of the earth’s surface is covered by water, and most of this water is unusable ocean water

3% of all water is freshwater, the majority is unavailable to humans (frozen in glaciers, icecaps)

1% is accessible water comes from surface freshwater. Comes from lakes, rivers, shallow aquifers

Question 8

Water scarcity vs stress

Answer 8

Water scarcity- country reaches water scarcity when its supply of renewable freshwater is less than 1,000 cubic meters per person

Water stress- a country reaches water stress when its supply of renewable freshwater is between 1,000-1,700 cubic meters per person

Question 9

Water treatment process

Answer 9

Must meet EPA quality standards
1. Coagulation/ Flocculation- remove suspended material
2. Sedimentation- causes heavy particles to settle down in the tank
3. Filtration- removes smaller particles
4. Disinfection- kills pathogens

Question 10

Water quality

Answer 10

To restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation’s waters
Eliminate discharge of pollutants to surface water
All water will be fishable and swimmable

Question 11

WQS

Answer 11

Water Quality Standards
Are what the water quality tests results compared to
Different purposes have different standards
ex-hotel industry, Bellingham city, drinking WQS, recreational WQS

Question 12

Physical parameter of water

Answer 12

Taste and odor

Question 13

Chemical parameters of water

Answer 13

PH level, nutrients, heavy metals, oxygen level

Question 14

Biological parameters of water

Answer 14

Living on or around water= indicator of water

Question 15

Infectious diseases in water

Answer 15

Giardia- protozoan- has flagella
Schistosomiasis- worm blood fluke- suction cup- suction inside small intestine- get it from contaminated water
- Blame beavers “beaver fever” - humans gave it to beavers pooped next to them

Question 16

Eutrophication process (cultural as well)

Answer 16

Excessive plant and algae growth from increased availability of one or more limited growth factors for photosynthesis
High nutrient systems= high algae growth- block sunlight areas used to reach
Decomposition of algae causes death by removing O2- killing fish (nitrogen and phosphorus)
* Causes major dead zone