Water Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
What is a solution?
A
Mixture that has the same color, composition, density, and taste throughout
2
Q
What is a solute?
A
A substance being dissolved
3
Q
What is a solvent?
A
A substance that dissolves the solute/ a substance doing the dissolving
4
Q
Examples of solution solids:
A
Brass
Sterling Silver
5
Q
3 ways to speed up the rate of the dissolving process or the solubility of a solution:
A
Increase in stirring
Increase in temperature
Increase in surface area
6
Q
What does polar mean?
A
Unequal electron amount
7
Q
Water’s 2 types of bonds:
A
Polar
Covalent
8
Q
What do we have when water attracts to water?
A
Cohesion
9
Q
What do we have when water attracts to other substances?
A
Adhesion
10
Q
What turns litmus paper red?
A
Acid
11
Q
What turns litmus paper blue?
A
Base
12
Q
What is a soapy substance?
A
Base
13
Q
What is a crystalline solid?
A
Base
14
Q
What taste bitter, acids or bases?
A
Both
15
Q
What tastes sour?
A
Acids
16
Q
Is a carrot a base?
A
Yes
17
Q
Is acid slippery?
A
No
18
Q
Are bases slippery?
A
Yes
19
Q
Is juice an example of an acid?
A
Yes
20
Q
Give 2 food examples of acids:
A
Lemons
Oranges
Apples
Etc.
21
Q
True or False
Acids conduct electricity.
A
TRUE!
22
Q
True or false
Bases AND Acids are both corrosive!
A
TRUE!
23
Q
Is soda an acid?
A
Yes
24
Q
What are the 2 examples of INDICATORS?
A
PH indicator strips
Red cabbage juice
25
M= (mass equals)
D/V (density divided by volume)
26
What does water do when it freezes?
Water expands when it freezes
27
Acids produce H+ (T or F)
True!
28
What does a water molecule look like? Describe it.
H H
O
(imagine mickey mouse, 2 smaller circles of hydrogen for the ears on top, and one big face of the oxygen.)
29
2 parts of a solution=
solute
solvent
30
smaller portion in a solution
solute
31
larger portion in a solution
solvent
32
Why is water the universal solvent?
Water dissolves more solutes than any other solvent
33
What is it called when you add more solvent?
D I L U T I O N (dilution) or diluded
34
Define Osmosis
the diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. The movement continues until equilibrium is reached.
35
Define viscosity
the resistance of a liquid to flow
36
Define precipitate
solid that forms from a liquid
37
3 types of solutions:
Saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated.
38
Define saturated:
contains all solute it can hold at a given temperature
39
Define unsaturated:
able to dissolve more solute at a given temperature
40
Define supersaturated:
contains more solute than a saturated one solution is unstable
41
Define concentrated:
large amount of solute in a solvent
42
Define dilute:
small amount of solute in a solvent
43
4 main properties of acids:
Taste sour
are corrosive
holds electricity
acids react with indicators to produce a predictable color change
44
4 main properties of a base:
many bases are crystalline solids in an undissolved state
in solutions, bases feel slippery
bitter taste
strong bases react with indicators
45
In solutions, bases feel_____.
slippery
46
define an acid:
a substance that produces hydrogen ions in a solution
47
define a base:
a substance that produces hydroxide ions (OH) in a solution and also excepts H+ in acids.
48
Pure water is never_____
acidic
49
water has a very_____surface tension.
high
50
water molecules stick together with_______.
hydrogen bonds
51
Is water polar or nonpolar?
Polar
52
Why is a hydrogen ion also known as a proton?
It has only one proton and no electrons, an H atom only has one of each-therefore it leans toward positive. (proton)
53
How does the PH scale work?
It is a measure of the relative amount of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in the water.
54
Coke/ Milk demo explanation:
Milk (Ca) is a base, which mixes with coke which is the acid, and it forms small crystalized bubbles (this mixture creates a precipitate)
55
Real-life acid/ base examples:
Stomach acid/ chronic heartburn
56
saturated
a solution that contains all of the solute it can normally hold at a given temperature
57
3 types of solutions
saturated, unsaturated, supersaturated
58
does crushing into powder help to increase the rate of dissolving?
Yes, crushing the solute into powder increases the surface area
59
compared to saturated, supersaturated is________.
unstable
60
in soda, what is the solvent?
water
61
in salt water, what is the solute and the solvent?
Solute: salt
Solvent: water
62
what is the larger part of a solution?
solvent
63
what is the smaller part of a solution?
solute
64
pure water has a pH of what?
7
65
what is the density of water?
1 g/mL (one gram per millileter)
66
How is a water molecule bonded?
covalently
67
In a water molecule, the electrons have a greater attraction to the_________ atom.
oxygen
68
is water polar or nonpolar?
water is polar
69
What does polar mean?
an unequal share of electrons
70
does water have a high or low surface tension?
water has a high surface tension
71
why is water the universal solvent?
it dissolves more solutes than any other solvents
72
what turns litmus paper red
acid
73
what turns litmus paper blue
bases
74
what is corrosive-acid or base
BOTH
75
What accepts protons (H+) from an acid?
Base
76
When undissolved, this starts out as a crystalline solid...
Base
77
what happens when water sticks to water
cohesion
78
what happens when water absorbs or sticks to other substances
adhesion
79
acids produce________in a solution.
hydrogen ions (protons) (H+)
80
why do we call this-(H+) a proton?
Because it gives away it's one electron
81
2 examples of solutions (solid)
brass or sterling silver
82
How does stirring help to increase the rate of dissolving?
Stirring helps the solute to come more in contact with the solvent
83
definition of solubility-
maximum amount of a solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a temperature.
84
concentration=
percent by volume of solute in a solvent
and the large amount of solute in a solvent
85
dilute=
small amount of solute in a solvent
86
4 properties of acids:
taste sour
electrolytes
corrosive
react with indicators to produce a predictable color change
87
what does a base produce
hydroxide ions (OH-)
88
What is an indicator?
an organic compound that changes color in the presence of an acid or a base
89
1 example of an indicator:
litmus paper
red cabbage juice
pH indicator strips
90
True or False
The strength of an acid or a base depends on how many acid or base particles dissociate into ions in water
True
91
strong acid-
ionizes almost completely in water
92
weak acid-
only partly ionizes in a solution
93
strong base-
dissociates completely in a solution
94
weak base-
does not completely dissociate in a solution
95
pH scale range=
0-14
96
The stronger the base, the ________ the number on the pH scale.
BIGGER
14-super strong base
97
The stronger the acid, the _______ the number is on the pH scale.
smaller
98
what number on the pH scale is neutral?
7
99
is pure H2O neutral?
yes, water's pH is 7
100
what is the strongest base in the world?
Lye
