Water

Question 1

What are oceans

Answer 1

Large masses of water connected to one another

Question 2

What are glaciers

Answer 2

Large masses of ice that rest on land or float i the sea

Question 3

What are lakes

Answer 3

Water bodies surrounded by land. Receive water from snow, rain or rivers

Question 4

What are rivers

Answer 4

Natural wide flows of freshwater that store water temporarily before water moves to another water body

Question 5

What is soil moisture

Answer 5

Water that is stored in soil

Question 6

What is groundwater

Answer 6

Water under the surface of the earth and below the water table

Question 7

What is the hydrological cycle

Answer 7

Natural process that occurs that ensures the earth’s water is naturally replenished

Question 8

What is evaporation

Answer 8

Sun’s heat changes water droplets into water vapour

Question 9

What is transpiration

Answer 9

Plants give out water vapour through their leaves

Question 10

What is condensation

Answer 10

Air rises and cools, causing water vapour to form water droplets, which combine to form clouds

Question 11

What is precipitation

Answer 11

Water falls as rain, or snow if the air is cold enough

Question 12

What is surface runoff

Answer 12

Water flows from the highlands and over the ground surface into streams and rivers

Question 13

What is a water budget

Answer 13

Equation that describes the flow of water in and out of a catchment
Tells us the amount of water available in an area

Question 14

Input > Output

Answer 14

Water surplus

Question 15

Output > Input

Answer 15

Water deficit

Question 16

What is net

Answer 16

Change in storage
Input (Precipitation) - Output (Surface runoff, Evaporation, Transpiration)

Question 17

What is the most of the world’s water

Answer 17

Sea water, which is unfit for domestic, agriculture and industrial purposes

Question 18

What are droughts

Answer 18

Occurs when an area receives very little rain over a period of time
Since there is insufficient water to replenish the water used for human activities or loss through evaporation and transpiration, water stores such as reservoirs and groundwater starts to dry up

Question 19

What are floods

Answer 19

Typically caused by sustained heavy rainfall or snow melt
When a large amount of water enters a river, the water level rises and overflows the bank, leading to floods

Question 20

Uses of water

Answer 20

Domestic
Agriculture
Industry
Recreation

Question 21

What is domestic usage of water

Answer 21

Water uses at home
Consumption
Hygiene
Amenity use

Question 22

What is agriculture usage of water

Answer 22

Accounts for the largest usage of water in the world
Water used for growing crops and rearing animals for human consumption
Different animals and plants require different amount of water

Question 23

What is industrial usage of water

Answer 23

Cool equipment in factories and power plants as they generate a lot of heat when they operate
In the pharmaceutical field, water is commonly used in an ingredient in many formulations and a cleaning agent

Question 24

What is recreation usage of water

Answer 24

Used in recreation activities such as sport fishing, canoeing and sailing

Question 25

Levels of freshwater availability

Answer 25

[Total Available Water Resources / Year (m3)] /Total Population

Question 26

Levels of water availability

Answer 26

Distributed unevenly around the world Water security Water vulnerability Water Stress Water Scarcity

Question 27

What is water security

Answer 27

Freshwater: >2500m3 Adequate and sustainable use of freshwater for human consumption and use

Question 28

What is water vulnerability

Answer 28

Freshwater: 1701m3 to 2500m3

Question 29

What is water stress

Answer 29

Freshwater: 1001m3 to 1700m3

Question 30

What is water scarcity

Answer 30

<1000m3 of freshwater Water withdrawn is so great that it is not longer adequate to meet water demands

Question 31

Causes of water shortage

Answer 31

Water demand > water supply

Question 32

Impacts of water shortage

Answer 32

Domestic Economic Political

Question 33

What are the domestic impacts of water shortage

Answer 33

Water rationing Increased difficulty in getting water

Question 34

Why is increased difficulty in collecting water an impact of water shortage

Answer 34

Water is a scarce resource and people have to travel long distances to obtain it Women in Asia and Africa may have to travel 6km to collect water and they can only bring back as much as they can carry Water collected may be dirty and can cause water-borne diseases like cholera

Question 35

Why is water rationing an impact of water shortage

Answer 35

Water rationing is when water is a=made available at a certain time of a day Hence, people have to queue up to collect water for their daily use

Question 36

What are the economic impacts of water shortage

Answer 36

Reduced agricultural yields Increased cost of industrial production

Question 37

Why is reduced agricultural yields an impact of water shortage

Answer 37

Agricultural accounts or 70% of global water use If water supply decrease, crop yields decrease Lesser food will be produced and income from selling the food will also decrease Insufficient food may also cause people to die of starvation

Question 38

Why is increased cost of industrial production an impact of water shortage

Answer 38

Cost of industrial production refers to the cost of producing and manufacturing a product Water price increase, cost of industrial production increases Power and beverage sector very dependent on water

Question 39

Why is power sector very dependent on water

Answer 39

Cool parts of the generators

Question 40

Why is beverage industry very dependent on water

Answer 40

Other than main ingredient, used for rising, cooling, heating and washing

Question 41

What are some political impacts that will occur due to water shortage

Answer 41

Conflicts

Question 42

Why can conflicts occur when there is a water shortage

Answer 42

Conflicts over water supply can happen when there is not enough water to go around May occur when multiple parties are sharing the same water source On a local scale, conflicts can occur between farmers and factories due to the use of water in rivers, lakes and underground On a global scale, problems may arise due to various states or countries sharing the same water resource. One country's use of water could reduce the amount for another.