Water Flashcards
(16 cards)
How are water supplies filtered
Through sedimentation, large particles collect at the bottom. Through filtration, insoluble particles are removed. Finally, through chlorination, microorganisms are killed.
Why is water preservation important
Very little water on earth in drinkable so we must conserve as much as possible
How might you make saltwater drinkable
Through desalination. This requires boiling though which uses a lot of energy
What is a miscible liquid
Two liquids mixing together easily without separating
What process is used to separate miscible liquids
Distillation
How do you calculate the Rf value
Distance the substance travelled/distance the solvent travelled
What is gas chromatography used for?
To identify pollutants in water or air, or the amount of a drug in the bloodstream
How is hard water detected
Soap does not easily lather in hard water
What are the two types of hard water
Temporary and permanant
What is in temporary hard water
Calcium and magnesium hydrogen carbonates
How can temporary hard water be treated
It can be boiled
What is in permanently hard water
Calcium or magnesium sulfates or carbonates
How can you treat permanently hard water
Add sodium carbonate
Ion exchange column
How do ion exchange columns work
Negatively charged particles in the column attract the magnesium and calcium in the water and they are replaced with sodium ions
What are the advantages of hard water
Strengthens teeth
Reduces the risk of heart disease
Some people prefer the taste
What are the disadvantages of hard water
Lime scale makes appliances less efficient
Removing lime scale can be expensive
More soap is needed
Ion exchange columns need to be cleaned
