Water Flashcards
(21 cards)
The 5 most importante topics of the future of water:
- Water security
- 3 billion urbanites
- Climate change
- Basins close (reservs exhausted)
- Food security
What is the security risks considerign water?
- conflicts, war
- Whater availability
( physical and economical ) - climate, population density, management
Water need:
UN: 20-50 L/p. d. (basic needs)
50-100 L/p. d. for all needs
For drinking vs food:
drinking: 2-4 L
food: 2000-5000 L (some from rain)
Availability vs demand:
The water availability is lowest and most polluted where population is highest, many places have no stable soulution. Also most complex and expesive to handle water there.
Lack of water:
- 1 billion lack clean water
- 2,6 billion lack sanitation
If trends continue:
2050: 2/3 will live in water stressed area
Water in percentage:
2,4% fresh water
- > 35% of that is liquid (not frozen)
- > 95% of that is ground water, 3% is lake, stream etc
How much water is in motion every year?
40 000 km3
moves from ocean to land and from land to ocean every year.
Human reduced riven runoff:
reduced by 300km3 / year
lowering the rate of sea level rise
Human impact on local scale:
- Here we have an increased runoff (paved ground, less water is absorbed and less gos to ground water)
- Local climate change
- Pollution
Global water use:
- Tot: more than 5000 km3/year
- domestic: 500
- industrial: >1000
- Agricultural: >3000
Where does it rain?
Where you have vegitation and high temp (water vapor)
Water over borders?
Some water run through many contries and strategies are needed to handle everyones right to the water.
- Sweden has little water connection to other contries.
What is peak ecological water?
Maximized combined benefits to human and ecosystem.
Water-population relationship:
- Water supply influence population
- Population influence water supply
- Transcends national borders
- Location specific
- Varies over time
EU Water Framework Directive (WDF):
5
- protect aquatic/wetland systems
- Promote sustainable water use
- Reduce emissions of pollutants
- Protect groundwater
- reduce the effects of floods and droughts
What are water budgets and sediment budgets?
Functional facies to plan for water systems of an area.
- How is the water comming and going?
- How does it get back to goundwater (nad get cleaned along the way)?
What is peak renewable water?
Renewable water is river runoff etc. When the rate of use becomes larger than the rate of refil.
What is peak none renewable water?
Non renewable is fex ground water (fossil water). Similar to peak oil since the refil time is very slow. Can be emptied.
What is peak ecological water?
Is not considering rate of production but the value provided by water (economic and none economic). What is the value of a stable eco system, precerving different species and the climate? After the peak the “cost” will be to large co continue an increse of “production”.
- difficult to quantify
(- USA may have passed all three peak water)
