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Biochemistry > Water > Flashcards

Water Flashcards

1
Q

What is water a good solvent for?

A

Charged or polar substances

amino acids, carbohydrates

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2
Q

What is water a poor solvent for?

A

Non polar substances (aromatic moieties, aliphatic chains)

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3
Q

What are aromatic moieties?

A 
Aromatic = substances that consist of one or more rings that contain alternating single and double bonds 
Moieties = branches in organic molecules that extend from the carbon backbone
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4
Q

What is an example of an aromatic moiety?

A

Sterols

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5
Q

What is an aliphatic chain?

A

Chains with a high density of carbons and hydrogens

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6
Q

What is an example of an aliphatic chain?

A

Long chain fatty acids

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7
Q

What type of bond is a hydrogen bond?

A

Non covalent

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8
Q

How strong are hydrogen bonds?

A

Fairly weak

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9
Q

What is the distance of a hydrogen bond?

A

Roughly the same as a carbon carbon bond

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10
Q

What type of molecules do hydrogen bonds form between?

A

Electronegative atom and a hydrogen bonded to another electronegative atom

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11
Q

When are hydrogen bonds strong and weak?

A

Strong - when all 3 components are in a line

Weak - when the hydrogen bond is formed on an angle

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12
Q

What are the importance of hydrogen bonds?

A 
DNA structure
Protein structure
Polysaccharide structure
Properties of water
Binding of substrates to enzymes 
Binding of hormones to receptors 
Matching mRNA and tRNA
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13
Q

What is a detergent?

A

A substance that solubilises fats in water

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14
Q

Name 4 non-covalent bonds.

A

Hydrogen
Ionic
Hydrophobic interactions
Van de Waals interactions

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15
Q

What are hydrophobic interactions?

A

The tendency of non polar molecules and non polar components of molecules to interact with each other when in a polar solvent

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16
Q

What are Van de Waals interactions?

A

Induced electrical interactions between two or more molecules that are very close together

17
Q

What happens when salt is dissolved in water?

A

Cl- interacts with the positively charged hydrogen

Na+ interacts with the negatively charged oxygen

18
Q

What is entropy?

A

The degree of disorder or randomness in a system

19
Q

What is the hydrophobic effect?

A

Water in the presence of clusters of lipids has a higher entropy than that of water in the presence of individually dispersed lipids

20
Q

What are micelles?

A

lipid molecules that arrange themselves in a spherical form in aqueous solutions

21
Q

What does the hydrophobic effect favour?

A

Ligand binding

22
Q

What are ligands?

A

Molecules which produce a signal by binding to target proteins

23
Q

What happens when a cell is placed in an isotonic solution?

A

No net movement

24
Q

What happens when a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution?

A

Net movement into the cell

25
Q

What happens when a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution?

A

Net movement out of the cell

26
Q

Describe the process of ionization of water.

A
  1. H2O dissociates into H+ and OH-
  2. H+ combines with H2O to produce H3O+
  3. H3O+ donates its extra H+ to the next H2O in the chain
  4. This process continues along the chain
27
Q

What is the proton concentration at high pHs?

A

Low

28
Q

What is the proton concentration at low pHs?

A

High

29
Q

What is the proton concentration at neutral concentrations?

A

The same as OH- concentration

30
Q

What is a buffer and what does it do?

A

Mixture of weak acids and their anions

Resist a change in pH

31
Q

When is buffering capacity highest?

A

When pH is the same as pKa

32
Q

What is the most common substrate for enzyme reactions?

A

Water

33
Q

What is required for a hydrolysis reaction?

A

Water

34
Q

What is produced in condensation reactions?

A

Water

Biochemistry (10 decks)

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