water and ATP Flashcards
(27 cards)
what type of molecule is water
dipolar molecule
why does water have an unevenly distributed charge?
due to fact oxygen atom is slightly negative and the hydrogen atoms are slightly positive
what are the key properties of water?
water is a metabolite, is a solvent, has a high specific latent heat of vapourisation, high specific heat capacity and has a strong cohesion.
explain by what is meant by water is a metabolite?
so what needs to be largely composed of water?
involved in many reactions
- cytoplasm aslo its essential that 90% of plasma in blood is water
explain by what is meant by water is a solvent?
explain how water acts as a solvent?
many substances dissolve in water
- slightly negative oxygen atoms and slightly positive atoms are oppositly charged and attract
explain why water being dipolar is useful?
polar substances dissolve readily in water
what is meant by polar and non-polar?
polar = hydrophyllic non-polar=hydrophobic
what is meant by water having a high specific heat capacity?
why is this?
lots of energy required to raise the temperature of water
-most of thermal energy needed is used to break the hydrogen bonds between the water molecule
why is water having a high specific heat capacity useful?
organisms water temperature is stable even if the temperature fluctuates,
also enzymes do not denature which keeps the environment stable
what is meant by water having a high latent heat of vapourisation?
why is this?
los of energy is needed to convert water in a liquid state to a gaseous state.
because hydrogen bonds need a lot of energy to break
explain why water having a high latent heat of vaporisation is useful ?
- water provides a significant cooling effect
-humans sweat releases water on the skin
what is meant by water having a strong cohesion?
h-bonds make water molecules stick together creating surface tension on the water surface
ATP is a nucleotide derivative
what is meant by this statement?
its made up of many of the same structure/molecules that a nucleotide is
what is the full name for ATP
AdenosineTriPhosphate
function of ATP?
immediate source of energy in metabolism or biological processes
structure of ATP
consists of 3 components: a adenine base, pentose/ribose sugar and three inorganic phosphate groups
how is atp formed?
made during respiration from ADP + PI (energy) via a condensation reaction using enzyme ATP synthase
what type of reaction is this?
when hydrolysed forms?
reversible reaction
ATP + water
if we break the bonds between the inorganic phosphate?
How do we break these bonds?
What is this reaction doing?
a small amount of energy is released to surroundings which can be used in chemical reactions
Using ATP hydrolyse to convert ATP + water into ADP + pi
explain how ATP transfer energy to different compounds?
what is this process called?
why is this also done to glucose at the start of respiration?
the inorganic phosphate group released during the hydrolysis of ATP can be bonded onto different compounds to make them more reactive - phosphorylation
to make it more reactive
what are the 5 key properties of ATP
- ATP releases energy in small manageable amounts so no energy is wasted
- ATP is small and soluble so easily transported around the cell
- only one bond is broken/hydrolysed to release energy - immediate supply
- it can transfer energy to another molecule
- ATP can not pass out of the cell, the cell always has an immediate supply of energy
explain the use of ATP releasing energy in small manageable amounts?
Whereas glucose..?
- no energy is wasted
- cells do not overheat from wasted energy
- less likely to run out of resources
- glucose will release large amounts of energy - wasted energy
explain the use of ATP being small and soluble
- easily transported around the cell
- atp can move around the cytoplasm to provide energy for chemical reactions
- glucose also has this property
explain the use that only one bond is broken in ATP?
- immediate source of energy
- glucose will need several bonds to be broken to release its energy
