Water and Carbon Flashcards
(27 cards)
How much of the worlds surface is water
3/4
How much does water make up in the body
55-65%
What is the percentage of water in blood
Blood is a solution of substance in water. It can be divided into 4 compartments one of which is the plasma which makes up 55% of blood. The plasma is made up of 92% of water
What are the 10 reasons water is important
- Forms saliva useful for digestion
- Keeps mucosal membrane moist
- Allows cells to grow, reproduce and survive
- lubricates joints
- acts as a shock absorber in brain and spinal cord (The spinal fluid is surrounded by 150ml of cerebrospinal fluid)
- Needed by the brain to manufacture hormones and neurotransmitters
- Regulates body temp (sweating and respiration)
- Helps deliver oxygen to the body
- Flushes away waste (urine)
- converts food to components needed for survival.
What is the intracellular fluid (ICF)
Fluid found inside the cell and makes up 2/3 of the total body of water. Materials passing in and out of the ICF must pass through a cell membrane. Potassium concentration higher here.
What is Extracellular fluid
The external fluid of the cell making up 1/3 of the total body of water. Concentration of Na higher here.
What is interstitial fluid (IF)
Part of the extracellular fluid, making up 75% of it. It lies between the circulatory system and the cells
What is the Plasma
Part of the extracellular fluid, making up about 25% of the fluid. It is the liquid matrix of the blood
Where to materials go through when passing between the IF and the plasma
They must pass through the leaky exchange epithelium of the capillary wall
What are ways in which we can gain water
- drinking (60%)
- Diet (30%)
- Metabolism (10%)
What are ways we lose water
- Urine (500-1500ml)
- Insensible loss (breathing and through skin - 800ml)
- Feces (200ml)
- Minimal sweat (100ml)
What is an voluntary regulation to water levels in body
Thirst: When water levels drop, a signal is sent to the brain called hypothalamus which triggers a thirst response.
What is an involuntary control of water levels in the body
Kidney: Controls body water via urine output and changes in the blood volume and blood pressure.
How do hormones controls body water by regulatory urine output via kidney?
If the body, after the thirst rigger response, does not increase the body water intake, the body will result in another method which involves the Anti diuretic hormone. This hormone will signal to the kidney, causing them to extract water from the urine. This causes a small concentration of urine to be exerted.
is water polar or non polar
polar
How are water molecules bound together
hydrogen bonds
What are the intremollecular bonds of water
polar covalent bonds
High MP/BP of water:
Due to the hydrogen bonds, MP and BP of water are relatively higher compared to molecules with the same mass. This means, it requires a great amount of energy to break bonds, converting them from solids, to liquids to gases.
Water has a high heat capacity
Amount of heat energy absorbed to increase temperature of a given amount by 1º. Water has a high heat capacity as it absorbs a lot of the heat, without undergoing a great change in temp.
Implications of a high heat capacity
Core body temp is 37º. changing this by even 1º will lead to the individual getting sick, denaturing of proteins, affecting enzyme activity and stopping enzyme function
High heat of vaporization
Amount of heat energy required to vapurise a given amount changing its temperature. Water requires a significant amount due to the hydrogen bonds.
Implications to humans
Helps cool body through perspiration as the vapour absorbs heat from body
What are functional groups
Additional atoms to a hydrocarbon that affects the chemical properties of the compound
Hydroxyl
OH-
