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Water And Carbon Keywords Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Positive feedback

A

Amplifies the effect

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2
Q

Negative feedback

A

Reduces the effect

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3
Q

River regime

A

The variability in the rivers discharge, precipitation, temperature, evapotranspiration and drainage basin throughout the year

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4
Q

Hydrosphere

A

The sphere that includes all water on earth; cryosphere, biosphere, atmosphere and lithosphere

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5
Q

Dynamic equilibrium

A

The balence of inputs and outputs

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6
Q

Sublimation

A

Transfer of state from solid to gas

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7
Q

Latent heat

A

The emission of heat when water changes state

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8
Q

Infiltration

A

When water is infiltrated into the ground through the gaps in the soil

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9
Q

Ice

A

A large store of water in frozen state

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10
Q

Oceans

A

Large stores of carbon and water

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11
Q

Carbon

A

What everything is made up of and a greenhouse gas

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12
Q

Respiration

A

The use of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide

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13
Q

Anthropogenic

A

This is a human induce factor or change

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14
Q

Wild fires

A

The emission of large stores of carbon mostly caused by human factors

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15
Q

Farming practices

A

Cattles farming causes large methane production, soil cultivating causes the release of carbon stores etc.

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16
Q

Ocean acidification

A

The mixing of carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases with the ocean making it more acidic

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17
Q

Sea ice melt

A

The annual melting if sea ice which doesn’t affect sea level rise

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18
Q

IPCC

A

Intergoverment panel on climate change

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19
Q

Hydrograph

A

A graph showing the rate of flow of discharge with important features like lag time, peak rainfall and descending limb

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20
Q

Transpiration

A

The movement of water through the plant being released mainly due to heat through the stem and leaves

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21
Q

Throughflow

A

The horizontal flow of water through the soil typically flow to the ground surface

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22
Q

Fossil fuels

A

Long time stores of carbon due to high pressure, are being burned for energy

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23
Q

Biomass

A

The total weight of organisms living in a found area

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24
Q

Fluxes

Study These Flashcards
A

Continuous charges or movements

25
Quaternary period
A period of time from 2.6 million years to present day
26
Milankovitch cycles
The three cycles of eccentricity, Axial tilt and precession
27
Volcanic eruptions
When a volcano erupts resulting in huge amounts of sulphur and carbon dioxide to be released
28
Deforestation
The cutting down of trees for industry reducing the amount of carbon stores and reparation processes
29
Carbon sequestration
A natural or artificial process in which carbon is removed from the atmosphere and put into stores
30
Greenhouse effect
The trapping of the suns radiation in the lower atmosphere causing the earth to warm up
31
Carbon budget
The amount of carbon a gained and lost in processes
32
Mitigation
Preparing for an event
33
Kyoto protocol
An international agreement which limits carbon emissions from countries
34
What are the human causes for climate change?
1. Fossil Fuels 2. Farming practises 3. Deforestation 4. Urbanisation
35
What is geological sequestration?
When CO2 is captured and then injected into the ground for long term storage
36
What is Terrestrial/Biological sequestration?
This is where carbon is stored in plants, the soil and the rocks
37
What political initiatives have been set up to reduce climate change?
1. The intergovernmental panel on climate change 2. The kyoto protocol 3. The Paris agreement
38
What national frameworks have been set up to reduce climate change?
1. Regional commitments | 2. Bilateral commitments
39
Radiative forcing
The difference between the incoming solar energy absorbed by the earth and the energy radiated back to space
40
Ice cap
Glacial land that is less then 50,000Km^2
41
Ice sheet
Glacial land which is more than 50,000Km^2
42
Fusion
When a solid becomes a liquid and vice versa
43
Vaporisation
When a liquid becomes a gas and vice versa
44
Isolated systems
Completely closed systems in which nothing leaves not even energy
45
Closed systems
These are systems that allow the transfer of energy but not the transfer of matter
46
Open systems
This is where both matter and energy can transfer freely
47
Discharge
The amount of water passing a point per second
48
How are clouds formed near the equator?
1. Water gains enough energy through latent heat to break its bonds and evaporate 2. Water vapour then condenses around a particulate as it has lost energy, hence too heavy 3. Then falls as precipitation in the intertropical convergence zone
49
How are clouds formed in polar and sub polar climates?
1. Two wave fronts meet, one being warm and the other being cold 2. The warm front carries water vapour and latent heat, which the cold front carries only cold temperatures 3. The cold temperatures meet the warm water vapour causing condensation 4. Condensed water then can fall as precipitation
50
Watershed
An area or ridge of land that separates water flowing to different rivers
51
Local scale
Plants
52
Sere scale
Deciduous woodland
53
Continental
Geological
54
Sere
Vegetation succession that relates to a specific environment
55
Biological pump
Where organisms die and are then stored on the sea bed
56
Deep water mixing
Where carbon is taken in by the ocean and hence sinks, when heated it then rises again
57
How does a colder climate affect the carbon cycle?
1. Cold rainwater holds more CO2 so chemical weathering is more active 2. Decomposers are less active due to climate 3. more carbon stored in ice
58
How does a warmer climate affect the carbon cycle?
1. Melting of permafrost releases gases | 2. Leads to a positive feedback system

Geography (5 decks)

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