Water balance

Question 1

ADH stands for _______________
 ADH helps do what?
 when released, what is produced?
body water)
 ADH is made in _________, but moves to _______ gland to be released into blood
 what detect changes in osmotic pressure

Answer 1

ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone)
 helps regulate osmotic pressure of body fluids by causing kidneys to increase water reabsorption
 when released, a more concentrated urine is produced (thus conserving
body water)
 ADH is made in hypothalamus, but moves to pituitary gland to be released
into blood
 Specialized nerve receptors, called osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus
detect changes in osmotic pressure

Question 2

read and understand of example of ADH

Answer 2

Example: when you decrease water intake or increasing water loss
(i.e. sweating), blood solutes become more concentrated. ( because less h20)
This increases the blood’s osmotic pressure which results in the production of ADH as it signals to hypothalamus to get working

Question 3

ADH: and the Nephron
 Makes what permeable to water
whats another way of drawing water into intercellular spaces
what does this cause

Answer 3

distal tubule and collecting duct permeable

High NaCl in intercellular spaces draws out H20 from nephron into the blood

this causes concentrated urine

Question 4

Why does Alcohol make you pee more

Answer 4

 decreases the release of ADH (less reabsorption of water, more urine produced)

Question 5

 the cells of the distal tubules and collecting ducts contain ________ for ADH and aldosterone which allow these hormones to function

Answer 5

 the cells of the distal tubules and collecting ducts contain receptors for ADH
and aldosterone

Question 6

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

 what happens when the _________ detects decrease in extracellular fluid
 ADH increases the ______________________
What does increased water reabsorption do ?

what happens after
?

Answer 6

the hypothalamus detects a decrease in extracellular fluid volume, and
signals the secretion of ADH
 ADH increases the permeability of the tubule walls to water
 increased water reabsorption increases the concentration of the urine

 the hypothalamus detects an increase in extracellular fluid volume and
signals the reduced secretion of ADH
 the tubule walls are less permeable to water
 decreased reabsorption of water leads to a more dilute urine

Question 7

Aldosterone
 aldosterone promotes what
 extracellular fluid volume decreases when what?
What detects this change and what happens?

explain how angiotensin is made to stimulate aldestrone secreting cells

 in response, cells increase the ___________ which stimulates the what
 if too much sodium is present what happens

Answer 7

the reabsorption of sodium

too much sodium is lost

sensory receptors in the heart and blood vessels detect the decreases and signal the gland cells in the wall of the arteriole at the glomerulus

 after the sensory receptors notice the decrease in extracellular fluid volume. Secretion of rennin begins (enzyme) which splits a plasma protein and converts a fragment to angiotensin ll
 angiotensin Il (hormone) targets aldosterone-secreting cells in the adrenal
cortex, a part of the gland on top of each kidney
 in response, cells increase the secretion of aldosterone which stimulates the
cells of the distal tubules and collecting ducts to increase the reabsorption of
sodium

aldosterone secretion is decreased, aldosterone secretion is decreased, this acts
to decrease the amount reabsorbed, increasing the amount of sodium
excreted

Question 8

angiotensin Il also signals the_______ in the hypothalamus and
increases the secretion of _________

Answer 8

thirst center

ADH