Water Balance

Question 1

What is the total body water

Answer 1

32-40L

Question 2

Name the functions of water

Answer 2

Regulate body temperature 
lubricate joints 
moistens tissues 
protects body organs 
prevent constipation 
carries nutrients

Question 3

How is water balance in the body maintained

Answer 3

By the kidneys

Question 4

The kidneys

Answer 4

Control salt levels and the excretion of urea

Question 5

We lose water through

Answer 5

Respiratory tract
gastrointestinal tract
skin
kidneys

Question 6

How much of our body is water

Answer 6

60%

Question 7

What is simple diffusion

Answer 7

Movement from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
It can only diffuse through a semipermeable membrane

Question 8

What is the facilitated diffusion

Answer 8

Movement of specific molecules down a concentration gradient passing through the membrane via a specific carrier protein

Question 9

What is osmosis

Answer 9

Diffusion of water through a partially permeable membrane

Question 10

Diffusion and osmosis are both

Answer 10

Passive i.e energy from ATP is not used

Question 11

What is osmolarity

Answer 11

Number of particles per litre

Question 12

What is osmolality

Answer 12

Number of particles per kilogram

Question 13

What is tonicity

Answer 13

Ability of the solution to affect the cell
ISOtonic
HYPOtonic
HYPERtonic

Question 14

Concentration of electrolytes outside the cell

Answer 14

Is equal to that inside the cell

Question 15

What are electrolytes

Answer 15

Minerals in your blood and other bodily fluids that carry an electric charge

Question 16

Electrolytes affect

Answer 16

The amount of water in your body
The acidity of your blood (pH)
Your muscle function

Question 17

What does sodium do

Answer 17

Controls total amount of water in body regulating blood volume
maintaining muscle and nerve function

Question 18

What does potassium do

Answer 18

Important for regulating heartbeat and muscle function

Question 19

What does magnesium do

Answer 19

Maintain the normal nerve and muscle function boosts immune system
maintains stable heart rate
stabilises blood sugar
promotes formation of bones and teeth

Question 20

What does calcium do

Answer 20

Formation of bones and teeth
critical for transmission of nerve impulses
blood clotting
muscle contraction

Question 21

What are the treatments for dehydration

Answer 21

Fluid therapy
Gelofusine
0.9% saline
5% glucose solution

Question 22

What is active transport

Answer 22

Requires ATP
Substance binds to carrier
Carrier changes shape
Carrier release substance

Question 23

What are aquaparines

Answer 23

They allow water to go through (holes in sponge)

Question 24

Explain how body temperature is controlled

Answer 24

By the hypothalamus in the Brain. It does this by triggering changes to effectors. Eg sweat glands and muscles