Water Conflicts - Nile Basin Flashcards
How many nations compete for Nile water?
11
Who are the main players in the Nile Basin conflict?
Egypt
Sudan
Ethiopia
Riparian nations
Which nations were historically dominant within the Nile Basin?
Egypt + Sudan
How did the 2 Nile Waters Agreements distribute supply?
1st - 79% Egypt, 7% Sudan, 14% Others
2nd - 75% Egypt, 25% Sudan
Why did Egypt have historical leverage over the Nile Basin nations?
Downstream nation
Waters flow into Egypt
What was the problem with the 2nd nile waters agreement?
Signed by colonial powers
Upstream nations deemed to have enough external supply
When did the 2 Nile Waters Agreements take place?
1st - 1929
2nd - 1959
Why are the Egyptians fucked off?
Upstream projects - Ethiopia dam
Restricting supply
Why may conflict emerge in the Nile Basin?
Growing Riparian water demand
Historical powers being starved
Legitimacy of past agreements
What is the Nile Basin Initiative?
Cooperative decision making regarding use of Nile Waters
Partnered by external institutions (World Bank etc)
When was the NBI established?
1999
What are Egypt’s growth + population characteristics?
74m population
113 people per km2
75.1b GDP
What are Ethiopia’s growth + population characteristics?
77m population
127 people per km2
9.8b GDP
What are Sudan’s growth + population characteristics?
36m population
27 people per km2
19b GDP
