water cycle, water on planet earth

Question 1

what is the hydrosphere?

Answer 1

water on or close to the earths surface

Question 2

what is atmospheric water?

Answer 2

water found in the atmosphere mainly water vapour

Question 3

what is cyrospheric water?

Answer 3

water that is locked up in earths surface as ice

Question 4

what is oceanic water?

Answer 4

water contained in the earths oceans but not inland seas

Question 5

what is terrestrial water?

Answer 5

three main types
ground water - strata
surface water - lakes
soil water - air spaces of soil

Question 6

what could effect climate change?

Answer 6

changing amounts of atmospheric water

Question 7

what percentage of the earths surface do oceans cover?

Answer 7

72%

Question 8

hwat percentage of water do the oceans contain?

Answer 8

97%

Question 9

what percentage of the oceans have been explored?

Answer 9

5%

Question 10

what does the salts in oceans allow it to do?

Answer 10

stay as a liquid below zero degrees

Question 11

why has the ph of oceans decreased?

Answer 11

due to increase in atmospheric carbon

Question 12

what are the five forms of cryospheric water?

Answer 12

ice caps 
ice sheets 
alpine glaciers 
permafrost 
sea ice

Question 13

what is sea ice/

Answer 13

formed from ocean water when temperature drops lower than zero

Question 14

does sea ice raise sea level?

Answer 14

n

Question 15

why doesn’t sea ice raise sea level?

Answer 15

because it forms from ocean water

Question 16

what are ice shelves?

Answer 16

form when ice sheets and glaciers move out to sea

Question 17

how are ice bergs formed?

Answer 17

chunks of ice that break off glaciers and ice shelves

Question 18

do ice bergs change sea level?

Answer 18

only when they first leave land and push into the water but not when they melt

Question 19

what are ice sheets?

Answer 19

mass of glacial land extending more than 50,000km

Question 20

where are the two major ice sheets?

Answer 20

covering most of greenland and antarctica

Question 21

what percentage of freshwater do the ice sheets on greenland and Antarctica hold?

Answer 21

99% of earths fresh water

Question 22

how far does the greenland ice sheet extend?

Answer 22

1.7 million km3

Question 23

how do ice sheets form?

Answer 23

when snow from winter does not fully melt in the summer and over thousands of years layers of ice pile up and compress

Question 24

how thick is the antarctica ice sheet?

Answer 24

2km

Question 25

if the antarctica ice sheet melted how much would sea level rise by?

Answer 25

60m

Question 26

what are ice caps?

Answer 26

thick layers of ice that extend less than 50,000km2

Question 27

which form extends more than 50,000km2?

Answer 27

ice sheets

Question 28

where are ice caps found?

Answer 28

in mountainous areas

Question 29

which way do ice caps flow?

Answer 29

outwards, covering everything in their path

Question 30

what are alpine glaciers

Answer 30

thick masses of ice found in deep valleys or in upland hollows

Question 31

what is permafrost?

Answer 31

defined as ground that remains below zero degrees for at least two consecutive years

Question 32

when permafrost melts what does it release and why is this a problem?

Answer 32

releases large amounts of carbon dioxide and methane, potentially affecting global warming

Question 33

what are the four broad classes terrestrial water can fall into?

Answer 33

surface water ground water soil water biological water

Question 34

what is surface water?

Answer 34

free flowing water of rivers as well as the water of ponds and lakes

Question 35

what doe rivers act as?

Answer 35

a store and a transfer of water

Question 36

what is groundwater?

Answer 36

water that collects underground in the pore spaces

Question 37

what is the water table defined as?

Answer 37

the depth at which rock becomes completely saturated with water

Question 38

how is the amount of groundwater decreased?

Answer 38

by extraction for use in irrigation for agricultural dry land

Question 39

what is soil water?

Answer 39

held together with air in unsaturated upper weathered layers of the earth

Question 40

how does soil moisture affect climate?

Answer 40

plays a part in the evaporation

Question 41

what is biological water?

Answer 41

water stored in all biomass

Question 42

how can climates become more desert like linked to biological water?

Answer 42

if vegetation is cut down then there is no evaporation so no water in the atmosphere making the air very dry

Question 43

what states of water does atmospheric water have?

Answer 43

all three

Question 44

what will a small increase in water vapour lead to?

Answer 44

an increase in atmospheric pressures

Question 45

what can hot air do but cold air can't?

Answer 45

hold more water