Water Efficiency Flashcards by Beverly Parker

“_____% of the Earth’s surface is covered by water, but less than _____% of that water is fresh water. Only _____% of that _____% is accessible for human use.”

70%
1%
1%
1%

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_____% of consumed water is discharged back into water supplies after use.

65%

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Water efficiency helps protect our _____ and the supply of _____ fresh water.

Aquifers

Renewable

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The three goals of the water efficiency credits are:

1 - Reduce the _____ of water needed for a building and landscaping
2 - Reduce _____ water use
3 - reduce the need for _____ of _____ water

1 - quantity
2 - municipal
3 - treatment, waste

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Define POTABLE WATER

Water that is suitable for drinking

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Define NON-POTABLE WATER

Water that is not suitable for human consumption

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True or False

Water conservation strategies are typically no more expensive than traditional building methods.

True

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“For both _____ efficiency and _____ efficiency - LEED require an efficiency first approach. After _____, then look for other ways to _____ _____.”

Energy
Water
Efficiency
Reduce use

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Define WATER BALANCE

When a project only uses the site’s precipitation for both indoor and outdoor water needs.

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What is the intent behind reducing outdoor water use?

To limit or eliminate the use of natural surface and subsurface waters used for landscape irrigation.

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Seven goals of proper landscape design include:

1 - _____ water bills
2 - Limit or eliminate _____ water usage
3 - Decrease _____ use due to less pumping and treating of _____
4 - Little or no lawn _____ (which also saves _____)
5 - Less _____ pollution
6 - More _____ available for other _____
7 - Less _____ and _____ needed for maintenance so _____ is simpler

1 - lower
2 - potable
3 - energy, water
4 - mowing, energy
5 - air
6 - water, uses (such as indoor uses)
7 - time, work, gardening

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Outdoor Water Efficiency Strategies include:

1 - _____ design
2 - Outdoor water _____ practices
3 - Landscape _____
4 - Use _____ and/or _____

1 - landscape
2 - reduction
3 - maintenance
4 - rainwater, gray water

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Landscape design methods include:

1 - appropriate _____ selection
2 - _____ which reduces or eliminates the need for supplemental irrigation
3 - installing 1-3 inches of _____ around plants
4 - reduce _____ grasses and _____

1 - plant
2 - xeriscaping
3 - mulch
4 - turf, monocultures

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Along with water efficiency, native plants help with:

1 - green \_\_\_\_\_ landscaping
2 - \_\_\_\_\_ management
3 - restoring \_\_\_\_\_ areas
4 - \_\_\_\_\_ space
5 - water use \_\_\_\_\_ for the outdoors

1 - roof
2 - rainwater
3 - damaged
4 - open
5 - reduction

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Define NATIVE PLANTS

Native plants require _____ water, _____, and _____ control.

Plants that grow naturally in an area or that have been in an area for many years.

Less,fertilizer, pest

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Define ADAPTIVE PLANTS

_____ and adaptive plants require _____ water and are more _____ resistant because they are suited to the region’s usual _____, _____, and temperature.

Non-native plants that perform well in the local climate.

Native, less, disease, rainfall, soil,

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Define INVASIVE PLANTS

Plants that grow quickly and aggressively, spreading and displacing other plants.

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_____ flowers are preferred to _____, because they will come back year after year and will require less _____.

Perennial, annuals, watering

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Define XERISCAPING

Xeriscaping is based on 7 principles:
1 - proper \_\_\_\_\_ and design
2 - \_\_\_\_\_ analysis and improvement
3 - appropriate \_\_\_\_\_ selection
4 - practical \_\_\_\_\_ areas
5 - efficient \_\_\_\_\_
6 - use of \_\_\_\_\_
7 - appropriate \_\_\_\_\_

The type of landscaping and gardening that reduces or eliminates the need for supplemental irrigation.

1 - planning
2 - soil
3 - plant
4 - turf
5 - irrigation
6 - mulches
7 - maintenance

_____ keeps a plant’s root system _____ and _____ in warmer weather and also helps prevent _____.

Mulching, cool, moist, evaporation

Outdoor Water Reduction Practices include:

1 - _____ irrigation
2 - _____ - a single “deep’ watering for an extended period of time is much better than watering every day for a fraction of the time.
3 - _____ based irrigation _____
4 - water _____ - perform at least an annual review

1 - drip
2 - scheduling
3 - weather, controllers
4 - audit

Drip irrigation reduces _____ giving it an efficiency of _____% because there is no _____ water.

Evaporation, 90%, runoff

Describe SIMPLE PAYBACK

The cost of an item or strategy divided by the yearly savings that product or strategy creates.

“Water the landscape during the _____ part of the day and _____ watering on windy days.”

Coolest, avoid

Landscape Maintenance Methods include: 1 - _____ mowers 2 - _____ the clippings 3 - _____ the water system

1 - raise 2 - leave 3 - maintain

Rainwater, _____, and _____ are considered non-potable. _____ and _____ are excellent alternatives for irrigation water sources.

Graywater, black water, rainwater, graywater

# Define GRAYWATER Graywater sources do not include: 1 - _____ water 2 - waste water from _____ sinks 3 - water from dishwashers 4 - waste water from toilets and urinals (_____)

Water that can be used twice 1 - potable 2 - kitchen 3 - 4 - black water

Toilets account for _____% of daily water use in the US

25%

EPAct of _____ established water _____ standards for water closets, shower heads, faucets, and other uses to save the US an estimated _____ billion gallons of water per _____. Older toilets use _____ to _____ gallons of water per _____, while all new toilets must have a maximum flush volume of _____ gallons.

1992, conservation, 6.5, day 4, 8, flush, 1.6

Indoor Strategies for reducing water use include: ``` 1 - _____-flush toilets 2 - high-efficiency _____ 3 - _____ labeling 4 - _____ urinals 5 - _____ toilet systems 6 - low-flow _____ and _____ 7 - faucets with low-flow _____ and/or _____ sensors 8 - install water _____ for different areas to help in measurement and verification of water usage 9 - Use rainwater and/or _____ ```

``` 1 - dual (reduce water usage up to 67% compared to other standard and older toilets) 2 - toilets (1.28 gallon/flush) 3 - watersense 4 - waterless 5 - composting 6 - shower heads, faucets 7 - aerators, motion 8 - meters 9 - graywater ```

In residences, toilets use about _____% of all indoor water.

30%

Treating _____ consumes a lot of electricity.

Blackwater

Benefits of waterless urinals include: ``` 1 - no _____ used 2 - no _____ valves 3 - lowered _____ 4 - _____ resistant 5 - eliminates _____ ```

1 - water 2 - flush 3 - maintenance (faster to clean and requires less cleanser) 4 - vandal (no water supply, valves, or sensors to be tampered with) 5 - flooding (no water supply=can't overflow)

_____ toilets and _____ urinals are the most efficient types of fixtures because they require _____ water.

Composting, waterless, no

Water meters usually measure cold _____ water use.

Potable

_____ graywater from showers and bathtubs can be used for flushing _____ in most jurisdictions. Such a system could provide an estimated _____% reduction in water use for the average _____.

Recycled, toilets, 30, household

The Uniform _____ Code _____ graywater use indoors.

Plumbing, prohibits

Describe PROCESSED WATER In LEED, examples of processed water include: 1 - makeup water for _____ systems 2 - systems that use water in _____ or hospitals 3 - commercial _____ applications - food steamers, ice machines, dishwashers, etc.

Water used by fixtures and systems that aren't covered by the Energy Policy Act. 1 - mechanical 2 - laboratories 3 - cooking

Processed water would NOT be part of LEED for Homes; but would be part of LEED BD+C:_____ or LEED BD+C:_____.

Healthcare, Schools

An _____ cooling tower can conserve up to _____% of the water use of a standard cooling tower, depending on climate and configuration.

Evaporative, 20%

Watersense and _____ products improve _____.

Energy STAR efficiency

LEED water efficiency prerequisites require project teams to _____ water usage inside of the building by at least _____ (irrigation is not included).

Reduce, 20%

True or False For all LEED v4 projects: The project team must complete water efficiency calculations regardless of fixture labeling. (It doesn't matter if all the fixtures are watersense products or not.)

FALSE

Water reduction calculations for the LEED Rating Systems are based on a reduction of the _____ water consumptions, rather than a _____ fixture or fitting.

Total, single

Define FTE

Full Time Equivalent (a way of calculating the number of residents in a building, the number of full time and part-time office workers, and the number of transient occupants.)