Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NUTR 221: Micronutrients > Water & Electrolytes > Flashcards

Water & Electrolytes Flashcards

(66 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

body water content varies with

A

age, body size, composition
decreases with age and body size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

body water is distributed into 3 extracellular fluids

A

interstitial, plasma, lymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

interstitial fluid

A

directly bathes cells, provides medium for exchange of nutrients and metabolic products to and from plasma and cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

lymph fluid

A

transcellular (cerebral spinal, pleural, pericardium, joints

lymph has WBC = lymphocytes, remove waste and toxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

water loss sources

A

major: urine
smaller: feces
varied amounts in respiratory t ract and skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

water intake sources

A

major: beverages and foods (25% foods)
minor: metabolism- formed from cellular biochem reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

AI for water set for?

A

intake to balance losses
set for moderately active temperate climate
*highly active in hot climate = 6-10L
estimate at 1mL per kcal
Recommendation based on body weight= 20-45mL of water/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

type of water loss and controllable

A

urine, controllable
feces, effected by dietary fibre
insensible, non controllable, sweat and breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how was AI derived

A

set to prevent dehydration
maintaining normal osmolarity of healthy US population
electrolyte concentration/ kg or L of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

AI water

A

men = 3.7L
women = 2.7L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

UL for water

A

no, but hypotonicity is fatal- electrolyte imbalance
marathon athletes, endurance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cation conc in plasma, interstitial, intracellular

A

plasma= 153
interstitial = 153
ICF= 195

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

anion con in plasma, interstitial, ICF

A

plasma= 153
interstitial=153
ICF=195

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

osmolality conc in plasma, interstitial, ICF

A

intracellular and extracellular electrolytes are about 300 in all 3 fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which cation and which anion are highest conc in plasma and interstitial fluids

A

Na+ and Cl- and some HCO3-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

which cation and which anion are highest conc in ICF

A

K+ and PO4-3 phosphate and protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

sodium functions

A

water, pH and electrolyte regulation

nerve transmission

muscle contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

sodium deficiency

A

anorexia, nausea, muscle atrophy, poor growth, weight loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

food sources of sodium

A

table salt, processed and snack foods, cured meats, seafoods, condiments, milk, cheese, bread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

AI for sodium

A

1500mg 19-50years
Canadians are much higher intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

potassium functions

A

water, electrolyte, and pH balances

cell membrane polarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

potassium deficiency

A

muscular weakness, cardiac arrythmias, paralysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

potassium food sources

A

fruits, veg, legumes, buts, dairy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

potassium AI

A

3400mg males

2600mg females

both 19+

can overall low potassium intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
chloride functions
fluid and pH balance, component of gastric HCl- **denatures tertiary and quaternary protein structures for digestion
26
chloride deficiency
weakness, lethargy, hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis (acid-base balance)
27
chloride food sources
table salt, seafood, meat, eggs
28
chloride AI
2300mg 19-50 years can over bc salt
29
hyponatremia
diluted plasma due to overconsumption of water
29
hypernatremia
loss of water without solutes, solutes very high
30
hypervolemia
too much fluid in extracellular, too much IV, kidney failure
31
hypovolemia
deficiency of fluid in ECF, severe diarrhea, vomiting, bleeding
32
hydrostatic pressure, hydro and colloid
fluid/capillary pressure hydrostatic pressure = 25mmHg, heart pumping interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure= 5mmHg, opposes hydrostatic
33
hydrostatic pressure, interstitial hydraulic and plasma osmotic
interstitial hydraulic= -6mmHg NEGATIVE plasma osmotic= 28mmHg (oppose hydraulic), major reabsorption force countering filtration force
34
Starling's equation
net result of four forces= 8mmHg filtration pressure
35
ECF volume/osmolarity controls
sustaining ECF volume and osmolarity is vital to blood presssure and cv system function
36
hormones that control ECF volume/osmolarity
vasopressin - retain water constrict vessels renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system- increase Na natriuretic peptides- increase Na and water, decrease bp and fluid CV system
37
where is sodium stored in body
30-40% bone surface
38
UL for Sodium
No, Chronic Disease Risk Reduction prevent CV disease and lower bp
39
absorption of Na
95-100% from small intestine and proximal colon
40
mechanisms of Na absorption
1. Na/glucose transporter, small intestine 2. electroneutrak Na and Cl cotransport exchange transporter, small intest and colon 3. electrogenic system, colon, lesser used bc Can have such a high amount that Na doesn't need to be reabsorbed usually
41
how is Na transported
free in blood serum Na conc maintained in narrow range 135-145mEq/L
42
Na functions and interaction with other nutrients
maintain osmotic pressure, nerve transmission conduction, muscle contraction, dietary Na intake increase urinary Ca excretion
43
aldosterone controls
Na excretion
44
Na deficiency may occur bc of
excessive sweating
45
Na is measured in labs by
routinely, 24 hour urinary sodium excretion level
46
chloride absorption mechanisms
follows Na 1. Na/glucose cotransport system, Cl follows actively absorbed Na in small intestine 2. electroneutral Na/Cl cotransport absorption, Cl absorbed in exchange for HCO3 as Na is absorbed in exchanged for H+ ions, small intest and colon 3. eletrogenic Na absorption, Cl follows absorbed Na passively
47
Cl functions
1. form gastric HCl- acid 2. released by WBC to destroy foreign substances 3. exchange anion for HCO3- in RBC (chloride shift, acid-base balance)
48
Cl excretion
through GI tract, skin, kidneys loss reflects Na loss
49
Cl AI
2300mg
50
T of F: Cl deficiency is rare
T
51
Cl levels evaluated by
serum conc, dependent on plasma volume
52
K severe deficiency
hypokalemia less than 3.5mmol/L cardiac arrhythmia can occur
53
K moderate deficiency
increased bp kidney stones increased bone turnover risk of CVD, stroke
54
Food sources of K
tomato juice/paste, prune juice, carrot juice, banana, wild Atlantic salmon, clams, potatoes, squash, legumes
55
role of K in acid buffering
K intake in F&V with bicarbonate anions like citrate will combine with K-anion slat to buffer dietary acid production from high protein foods, then alkali-K salts can decrease urinary calcium excretion (good for bone health)
56
K AI
Men= 3400mg = 9 servings of F&V women=2600mg= 7 servings
57
% of K absorption
over 85%
58
where is K absorbed
small intestine, some colon
59
how is K absorbed
passive diffusion or K+/H+ ATPase stimulated by insulin muscles release K back into plasma between meals
60
K function and interactions with other nutrients
proper ICF to ECF ratio to maintain cell's resting membrane potential water and acid--base balance cellular metab decrease urinary excretion of Ca
61
K excretion
mainly kidneys, some sweat
62
K deficiency caused by
loss of fluid and electrolytes, hypokalemia assessed by plasma/serum K conc
63
hypertension
8 mill Can diagnosed over 140/90
64
DASH Diet trials
Na restriction decreased bp slightly increase K intake beneficial Ca intakes: supplements: no effect on bp = meet Ca needs with rich food sources
65
what does DASH stand for, what foods does it recommend
Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension reduce bp effectively, without drugs like 2007 CFG, whole grains, meat alts, fresh F&V not eating processed foods

NUTR 221: Micronutrients (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions