Water, Electrolytes, & pH Flashcards
What are the two fluid compartments?
- intracellular 65%
2. extracellular 35%
How does water move?
Osmosis
What determines water movement?
concentration of solutes in each compartment
What are the two sources of water gain?
- preformed-in food/drink already
2. Metabolic-produced from chemical reaction
What are the three sources of water loss?
- Sensible=observable (urine/feces/sweat)
- Insensible=unnoticed (through skin and evaporates, not from sweat)
- Obligatory=unavoidable (expired air/fecal moisture)
How is thirst regulated?
osmoreceptors in hypothalmus
What is long term inhibition of thirst?
absorption of H20 from small intestine; >than 30 min for change
What is short term inhibition of thirst?
cooling and moistening of mouth; satisfies for 30-45 min
How is water output regulated?
Kidneys through urine output
What is volume depletion (hypovolemia)?
proportionate amounts of H2O and Na+ are lost without replacement
What is fluid deficiency?
fluid output exceeds intake over long period of time
What is dehydration?
negative water balance-body eliminates more water than sodium
Which electrolytes are cations?
Na+
Ca+
K+
H+
What electrolytes are anions?
Cl-
HCO3 (bicarbonate)
PO4 3-
What is the function of Sodium? ECF
Muscle contraction
Action potential
Rest membrane potential=ATP pump
What is the functions of Potassium? ICF
Muscle contraction
Action potential
Rest membrane potential=ATP pump