Water EQ1

Question 1

What are the 3 systems in the Hydrological system

Answer 1

Stores, Fluxes and processed

Question 2

What type of system is the Global Hydrological System?Why?

Answer 2

Closed, due to the water being in a continious cycle

Question 3

Name all types of flow in the hydrological cycle?

Answer 3

Through flow, Through fall, Base flow, Stem Flow, Surface Runoff, groundwater flow, infiltration, percolation

Question 4

Name a Input of the Hydrological cycle?

Answer 4

Precipitation

Question 5

Name stores in the HC?

Answer 5

Soil, Lakes, surface, groundwater, interception

Question 6

Outputs of the HC?

Answer 6

River Discharge, Evaporation and transpiration

Question 7

what is the HC a system of?

Answer 7

Linked processes -
Inputs (precip Types
Flows (Interception/infiltration/overland flow)
Outputs (Evaporation/Transpiration/Channel flow)

Question 8

What are the three types of precipitation?

Answer 8

Frontal
Orographic
Convectional

Question 9

What are the Physical Factors that determine the relative importance of inputs,outputs and flows
Why can they?

Answer 9

Climate - Affect amount/intensity/distribution and the form precip takes (Affects flows)
Soils - Determine the amount of infiltration/through flow and type of ved indirectly
Vegetation - lack of it/increase flow/overland
Geology - impact on subsurfaces such as percolation/aquifers. indirectly soil formation
Relief - IMpact precip totals - increased slopes - affect amount of run off - also creates rain shadows

Question 10

Where are the highest precipitation inputs into the drainage basic found and why?

Answer 10

They are found in the Tropics due to the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)

Question 11

How do humans have an effect on the Drainage Basin?

Answer 11

Acceleration of processes - Def - reduce interception - increase surface run off
Create new water storage resevoirs - dam building against natural water flow of DB
Abstract Water - anywhere from the HC and the DB

Question 12

What impacts does deforestation have on the HC?

Answer 12

Deforestation - reduction in trees - less water stored - more overland flow - increase river flow - reduction in rain fall - less evapo-transpiration - desertification occurs

Question 13

Case Study on how Humans are affecting the Drainage Basin Cycle?
Facts and PSD !!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Answer 13

Amazonia - 20% of forests been destroyed due to deforestation for cattle/timber/towns&roads
Amazon is 60% of worlds rainforests
75% of water is returned by EVT to atmoshphere YET IT IS 25% when cleared
Increase in wildfires in SSE Amazon

Question 14

What is a water budget?

Answer 14

The balance between the inputs, outputs and stores

Question 15

How can a water surplus occur
How can a water deffiency occur?

Answer 15

Water Surplus - wet soils/High river levels/more run off
Water Deffiency - dry soil/leaves falling off/drier micro climate

Question 16

What does a river regime NOT show?

Answer 16

It does not show the fluctuations in the flow cause by immediate rainfall - much of a rivers flow is supplied by groundwater from steady rain

Question 17

Describe the Amazons Drainage Basin
Major Influences?
Human Influences?

Answer 17

DB of 6 million km squared over an ancient shield area of rock
Major influences - climate, seasonal precip, EVT levels.
Human Influences - large dams by Brazil for major cities and HEP. Moderate Varaiabbility

Question 18

Describe the Yukon Drainage Basin?

Answer 18

DB of 850,000 Km squared - it is a tundra climate and flows through a mountain range
Major Influences - High - May-JuneDramatic increase in flow due to ice/snow melting Low- Winter - large seasonable Variability
Human Influences - relatively few mostly wilderness
Some HEP