Water - Foundations 08/15/17

Question 1

Diffusion

Answer 1

Movement of particles from area of high concentration to lower concentration

Question 2

Define Osmosis. Does it move in both directions and is ATP (energy) required?

Answer 2

Movement of water through semipermeable membrane from a region of low solute concentration to high; yes; no

Question 3

Molarity

Answer 3

mol/L

Question 4

Osmole

Answer 4

Number of molecules and ions (moles) that a solute dissociates into solution

Question 5

NaCl osmole? CaCl2?

Answer 5

2 Osm; 3 Osm

Question 6

Osmolarity

Answer 6

Osm/L

Question 7

Osmolality

Answer 7

Osm/Kg

Question 8

Isotonic

Answer 8

Equal osmotic pressure inside and outside cell

Question 9

Hypertonic

Answer 9

Higher concentration of solutes outside of the cell

Question 10

Hypotonic

Answer 10

Lower concentration of solutes outside the cell (outside/inside)

Question 11

Vasopressin (water bottle)

Answer 11

Increased water retention and increased vasoconstriction

Question 12

Aquaporin (AQP2). Does it use ATP?

Answer 12

Protein that allows water to flow through cell. Yes, 1.

Question 13

How does Vasopressin work?

Answer 13

Binds to membrane receptor AVPR2 which triggers AQP2 (aquaporin) to come to membrane for water resorption

Question 14

Vasopressin Synonyms

Answer 14

1. AVP - arginine vasopressin
2. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
3. Argipressin
4. Desmopressin (synthetic)

Question 15

Where is vasopressin produced?

Answer 15

Hypothalamus

Question 16

What do osmoreceptors do?

Answer 16

Detect salts. 2% decrease, it detects and decreases vasopressin

Question 17

What is Diabetes Insipidus?

Answer 17

Intense thirst and heavy urination (disorder of water/salt metabolism)

Question 18

What is congenital (existing at birth) DI caused by?

Answer 18

Problems related to either ADH (vasopressin) or its receptor

Question 19

What are 4 types of DI? Acquired or Congenital?

Answer 19

1. Neurogenic (both but mainly A)
2. Nephrogenic (both)
3. Dipsogenic (A)
4. Gestational (A)

Question 20

What is the cause of neurogenic DI and what effect does it have on AVP?

Answer 20

Tumor, trauma, or genetic (AVP). AVP secretion is decreased from hypothalamus

Question 21

What is the cause of nephrogenic DI and what effect does it have on AVP?

Answer 21

Lithium, genetic (AVPR2, APQR2). Decreased response at kidney

Question 22

What is the cause of dipsogenic DI and what effect does it have on AVP?

Answer 22

Head trauma. Increased thirst

Question 23

What is the cause of gestational DI and what effect does it have on AVP?

Answer 23

Pregnancy. Degradation by vasopressinase

Question 24

Is congenital nephrogenic DI (NDI) X-linked?

Answer 24

Yes

Question 25

What does desmopressin do to normal, water deprivated individuals?

Answer 25

Make urine even darker (more concentrated)

Question 26

Central DI Urine. Desmopressin affect?

Answer 26

Lighter. Increases urine concentration

Question 27

Vasopressin when dehydrated?

Answer 27

Low

Question 28

NDI urine. Desmopressin?

Answer 28

Signal isn't problem, it's receptor. Desmopressin depends. Wouldnt help as