Water Management

Question 1

Water surplus

Answer 1

When water supply is greater than demand

Question 2

Water deficit

Answer 2

When water demand is greater than the supply

Question 3

Water security

Answer 3

Having a reliable source of water available- good quality and quantity

Question 4

Water insecurity

Answer 4

Not enough water to maintain good health/ livelihood due to short supply or poor quality

Question 5

Water stress

Answer 5

When the demand for water exceeds supply, or when poor quality restricts its use

Question 6

Why is water consumption increasing

Answer 6

1. Global demand for food expected to rise by 70%
2. Increase in population
3. Global warming so less rainfall
4. Increase in temperature means people need to water plants and crops more
5. Urbanisation- more drains needed
6. All energy sources need water
7. Changing lifestyles

Question 7

Factors affecting water availability

Answer 7

Climate, Geology, Poverty, over abstraction, pollution, limited infrastructure

Question 8

What do water transfer schemes aim to do

Answer 8

They aim to redistribute water from areas of water surplus to areas of water deficit

Question 9

How do dams and reservoirs help

Answer 9

Rainfall can be stored and collected in reservoirs. During dry periods it can be released slowly using the dam. They help prevent flooding and can be used to make hydro electric power

Question 10

What is Desalination

Answer 10

The process of removing salt from seawater to produce fresh, usable water that is safe for human use

Question 11

What is an example of a large scale water transfer scheme

Answer 11

Lesotho Highland Water Project (LHWP)

Question 12

Where is Lesotho

Answer 12

It’s is a highland country in Southern Africa and is surrounded by the country South Africa

Question 13

Why dies Lesotho have a water surplus

Answer 13

The maintains receive high rainfall and the demand for water is low

Question 14

Which country benefits form the Lesotho Highland Water Project

Answer 14

It has been built with the aim to help South Africa with their water shortage

Question 15

What percentage of Lesotho’s GDP will the project provide

Answer 15

75%

Question 16

What percentage will the water supply reach in Lesotho’s capital, Maseru

Answer 16

90%

Question 17

What will sanitation coverage increase to in Lesotho

Answer 17

Will increase from 15 to 20%

Question 18

What does the LHWP provide Lesotho with

Answer 18

It supplies the country with all its hydro electric power requirements

Question 19

What are the social advantages to the LHWP

Answer 19

1. Income from the scheme helps development and to improve standard of living
2. Improvements to transport infrastructure with access roads built to the construction sites

Question 20

How many people had to move away from their land in Lesotho due to the LHWP

Answer 20

Building the first two dams meant 30,000 people had to move

Question 21

Disadvantages for Lesotho due to the LHWP

Answer 21

1. Destruction of a unique wetland ecosystem due to control of regular flooding downstream of the dams
2. Corruption has prevented money and investments reaching those affected by the construction
3. Construction of the Polihali Dam will displace 17 villages and reduce agricultural land for 71 villages