Water Microbiology and public health

Question 1

Where can freshwater be sourced

Question 2

3 general charcateristics of freshwater environemnts

Question 3

How does an aquifier form

Question 4

Describe rivers as a freshwater environment

Question 5

List some things that can pollute rivers

Question 6

What is stratificaiton of lakes

Question 7

What are the 3 factors required for statification to occur in a lake

Question 8

Name the layers of a stratified lake

Question 9

Epilminion layer

Question 10

Hypoliminon layer

Question 11

Metalimnion layer

Question 12

How does statification lead to different microbes in the different levels of the lake

Question 13

Leibigs law of the minimum

Question 14

Shelfords law of tolerance

Question 15

What is eutrophication

Question 16

How does eutrophication change the water envrionment and micorbes in it

Question 17

Why is eutrophication a bigger problem in lakes than rivers

Question 18

List the adaptations microbes have that allow them to live in aquatic freshwater envrionments

Answer 18

1. small cells
2. sheathed bacteria
3. pigment production
4. motility
5. magnetotactic bacteria
6. use nutrience at low conc.

Question 19

List the 7 features of the marine environment

Question 20

O2 conc of marine environment

Question 21

Salt content of marine environmet

Question 22

hydrostatic pressure in marine environment

Question 23

Sunlight penentration in marine environment

Question 24

Temperature in marine environment

Question 25

pH in marine envrionment

Question 26

Nutrients in marine environmet

Question 27

Halotolerant vs halophillic

Question 28

Piezotolerant vs piezophillic

Question 29

Additional adaptations marine micorbes have that helps the survive in the harsh ocean conditions

Question 30

List 3 examples of how micorbes have adapted to have symbiotic mutualistic relationships in the marine environmnet

Question 31

Describe what its like near a hydrothermal vent

Question 32

Symbiotic relationship between tubeworm and bacteria

Question 33

Symbiotic relationship between luminecent bacteria and angler fish

Question 34

Light emmiting reaction

Question 35

Symbiotic relationship between tubeworms and bacteria

Question 36

What are algal blooms

Question 37

What is the main issue of algal blooms

Question 38

Draw the waterborn infection cycle

Question 39

What phase of the waterborn infection cycle is best to intervein to prevent infection

Question 40

Name 1 bacteria, 2 protazoa and 2 viruses that cause gastroentritis

Question 41

Describe campylobacter

Question 42

Describe a campylobacter infection

Question 43

List the reasons that make campylobacter such a good pathogen

Question 44

Outline what happend in the havlock north outbreak

Question 45

Similarities between the Giradia and cryptosporidium

Question 46

Giardia lifecycle

Question 47

Cryptosporidium lifecycle

Question 48

Differences between cryptosporidium and Giardia life cycles

Question 49

Norovirus

Question 50

Rotavirus

Question 51

how much potable water does a person need per day

Question 52

List the sources of potable water

Question 53

How can a water source become polluted

Question 54

Human pollution

Question 55

Natural pollution

Question 56

List the steps involved in water treatment

Question 57

protection of a water source

Question 58

Sedimentation

Question 59

Aeration

Question 60

floculation

Question 61

filtration

Question 62

Chloronation

Question 63

fluronation

Question 64

UV treatment

Question 65

List where problems could occur in the water treatment system and delivery of potable water

Question 66

Milwaukee cryptosporidium outbreak

Question 67

What caused the Milawakie outbreak

Question 68

What was done to prevent future outbreaks at Milwalkee

Question 69

explain how you would collect a water sample

Question 70

BOD

Question 71

COD

Question 72

Advantages of BOD

Answer 73

Disadvanatges of BOD

Question 74

Advanatges of COD

Question 75

Disadvanatges of COD

Question 76

relationship between BOD and COD to total organin matter in H2O

Question 77

Why not look for pathogesn in a faecal pollution

Question 78

Indicator organsim

Question 79

features of ideal indicator organism

Question 80

Coloforms as indicator organsims

Question 81

What are the disadvanatges to using a indicator bacteria

Question 82

Clustering of micorbes

Question 83

How to test a sample of water using an indicator organsim

Question 84

ONPG-MUG test

Question 85

Acceptiable levels of bacteria in dinking water nz