water movement from less concentrated to more concentrated solutions Flashcards
(10 cards)
What is the general movement of particles in a liquid?
Particles in a liquid move, but due to intermolecular attractions, they don’t fully separate unless the liquid turns into a gas.
How do hydrogen bonds affect the movement of water molecules?
Hydrogen bonds are repeatedly broken and formed as water molecules change position, creating a strong overall attraction between the molecules.
Why are solutions more viscous than pure water?
Solutions are more viscous because solute-water attractions restrict the movement of water molecules.
What determines the movement of water molecules between solutions?
The solute-water attractions influence how water molecules move, with more water moving from a less concentrated to a more concentrated solution.
What is osmosis?
Osmosis is the net movement of water across a membrane due to attractions between solutes and water.
What makes solutes osmotically active?
Solutes are osmotically active if they form intermolecular attractions with water, like sodium ions, potassium ions, chloride ions, and glucose.
What happens in a hypotonic solution compared to a hypertonic solution?
Water moves from a hypotonic solution (less concentrated) to a hypertonic solution (more concentrated) because the hypertonic solution has more osmotically active solutes.
What happens between two isotonic solutions?
There is no net movement between two isotonic solutions because their concentrations of osmotically active solutes are equal, creating a dynamic equilibrium.
How is concentration measured?
Concentration is the amount of solute per unit volume, often expressed in moles per cubic meter (m³) or moles per decimeter cubed (dm³).
What is the concentration of a solution if 0.5 moles of NaCl are dissolved in 1 liter of solution?
The concentration is 0.5 mol/dm³ (since 1 liter = 1 dm³).
