Water, pH, and Buffer Substances

Question 1

the most important and abundant inorganic compound in all living systems

Answer 1

Water

Question 2

the percentage of water in human body

Answer 2

70%

Question 3

The three major components of body fluids

Answer 3

Blood, urine, and saliva

Question 4

the structure of electron surrounding water is?
It has the form of tetrahedron that resembles a pyramid

Answer 4

Tetrahedral

Question 5

What is the molecular formula of Water

Answer 5

CH2O

Question 6

True or False? Polar covalent compounds can dissolve with non polar covalent compounds

Answer 6

False

Question 7

True of False? The negative charge atom cannot bond with positive charged ions while positive charged ions can bond with negatively charged ions

Answer 7

False

Question 8

It is essential in digestion and it occurs in the mouth

Answer 8

Saliva

Question 9

The normal body temperature

Answer 9

36.5

Question 10

The fever body temperature

Answer 10

38 above

Question 11

A function of water where it eliminates unecessary products in our body

Answer 11

Excretion

Question 12

The addition of proton to a chemical compounds

Answer 12

Protonation

Question 13

removal of proton from chemical compounds

Answer 13

Deprotonation

Question 14

What is the universal solvent ?

Answer 14

Water

Question 15

a solvent interface of any chemical compounds or biomolecule that constitutes the solute. The positive side of water surrounds the negative charged molecules and the negative side of water surrounds the positive charged molecules

Answer 15

Solvation Shells/Solvation Sheath

Question 16

a general process which molecules separate or split into other things such as atoms, ions, or radicals usually in a reversible manner.

Answer 16

Dissociation

Question 17

it dissolves the solute

Answer 17

Solvent

Question 18

it is what the solvent is dissolving

Answer 18

Solute

Question 19

mixture in which one or two more substances are distributed evenly in another substance

Answer 19

Solution

Question 20

the state of a substance when its particles are mixed with but undissolved in a fluid or solid

Answer 20

Suspension

Question 21

also known as the water loving and is polar molecules

Answer 21

Hydrophilic

Question 22

also known as water fearing and is non polar molecules

Answer 22

Hydrophobic

Question 23

What are the two alcoholic chemicals that dissolve in water?

Answer 23

Methanol and Pentanol

Question 24

True or False? As we increase the number of carbon atoms, it will increase its solubility in carbon atoms

Answer 24

True

Question 25

True or False? alcohol serves as the medium for most chemical reactions in the body and participates as a reactant or product in certain reactions.

Answer 25

False, Water

Question 26

What are the two types of chemical reactions in water?

Answer 26

Hydrolysis Reaction Dehydration Synthesis Reaction

Question 27

removal of water in metabolic processes. water molecules is one the products formed

Answer 27

Dehydration Synthesis Reaction

Question 28

to loosen or break apart. it is the dissociating the nutrients particularly in food so it enables the dietary nutrients to be absorbed by the body

Answer 28

Hydrolysis Reaction

Question 29

Water can release and absorb a relatively large amount of heat with only a modest change in its own temperature

Answer 29

Water has high heat capacity

Question 30

This is essential in water because it keeps moisture in the cells and other parts of our body.

Answer 30

Lubrication

Question 31

The fluid that keeps our chest lubricated

Answer 31

Pleural fluid

Question 32

The fluid that keeps our abdomen lubricated

Answer 32

Peritoneal fluid

Question 33

refers to the tendency of atoms to prefer to have eight electrons in the valence shell.

Answer 33

Octet rule

Question 34

minerals in your blood and other body fluids that carry an electric charge.

Answer 34

Electrolytes

Question 35

negatively charged ions in which an electron is gained

Answer 35

Anion

Question 36

positively charged ions in which an electron is lost

Answer 36

Cation

Question 37

The three types of Electrolytes

Answer 37

Acid Base Salt

Question 38

These are the substances with higher concentration of hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions

Answer 38

Acids

Question 39

These are the substances with higher concentration of hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions

Answer 39

Base

Question 40

general class of ionic substances formed by the reaction of an acid and a base. It is amphoteric

Answer 40

Salt

Question 41

They can react with both acid and base

Answer 41

Amphoteric

Question 42

donates proton with a pH below 7

Answer 42

Acid

Question 43

accepts proton with a pH above 7

Answer 43

Base

Question 44

The midpoint of pH scale where concentrations of H and OH are equal

Answer 44

7

Question 45

True or False? The more hydroxide ion is dissolved, the more acidic the solution is

Answer 45

Fale, hydrogen ions

Question 46

True or False? The more hydrogen ions is dissolved, the more basic (alkalosis) the solution is

Answer 46

False, hydroxide ions

Question 47

it measures the acidity or alkalinity of a substance which extends from 0 to 14.

Answer 47

pH scale

Question 48

the pH scale of blood

Answer 48

7.35-7.45

Question 49

these are the substances that moderates/control changes in pH

Answer 49

Buffer System

Question 50

True or False? Saliva is a basic solution

Answer 50

False

Question 51

it maintains homeostasis in body by absorbing excess hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions

Answer 51

Buffer System

Question 52

True or False? Semen is acidic

Answer 52

False, semen is alkaline

Question 53

What helps maintain the pH of blood?

Answer 53

Bicarbonate system

Question 54

True or False? pH remains constant

Answer 54

True

Question 55

Its function is to convert strong acid or bases into weak acid or bases

Answer 55

Buffer Systems

Question 56

It ionizes easily and it contributes many hydrogen (H) therefore they can change pH drastically and it can disrupt body metabolism

Answer 56

Strong acid

Question 57

It doesn't ionize as much and it contributes fewer hydrogen (H). Hence they have less effects on pH

Answer 57

Weak acid

Question 58

What are the three factors affecting pH?

Answer 58

Diet Strenuous Exercise Diseases

Question 59

True or False? If we have a vegetarian diet our urine is acidic

Answer 59

False, it's makes urine basic

Question 60

Muscle produces this. If there is too much of this acid, cramps will occur

Answer 60

Lactic Acid

Question 61

A disorder where the pancreas do not produce much insulin causing blood sugar level to be abnormally high

Answer 61

Diabetes Mellitus

Question 61

A disorder where the body produces abnormally high amounts of urine and isn't able to properly retain water

Answer 61

Diabetes Insipidus

Question 62

What are the three blood buffers?

Answer 62

Bicarbonate-carbonic acid Hemoglobin Serum Protein

Question 63

what is the chemical formula of protein?

Answer 63

CHON

Question 64

When your body fluids contain too much acid which results in having a shift of pH

Answer 64

Acidosis

Question 65

it gives the red color in our blood that contains iron

Answer 65

Hemoglobin

Question 66

A type of acidosis where HCO3- is decreased and CO2 is normal

Answer 66

Metabolic Acidosis

Question 67

A type of acidosis where HCO3- is increased and CO2 is normal

Answer 67

Metabolic Alkalosis

Question 68

A type of acidosis where CO2 is increased and HCO3- is normal

Answer 68

Respiratory Acidosis

Question 69

A type of acidosis where CO2 is decreased and HCO3- is normal

Answer 69

Respiratory Alkalosis

Question 70

Stimulates desire to drink fluids.

Answer 70

Thirst center in the hypothalamus

Question 71

Stimulates secretion of aldosterone.

Answer 71

Angiotensin II

Question 72

By promoting urinary reabsorption of Na+ and Cl-, increases water reabsorption via osmosis.

Answer 72

Aldosterone

Question 73

Promotes natriuresis, elevated urinary excretion of Na+ (and Cl-), accompanied by water.

Answer 73

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)

Question 74

Promotes insertion of water-channel proteins (aquaporin-2) into apical membranes of principal cells in collecting ducts of kidneys. As a result, water permeability of these cells increases and more water is reabsorbed.

Answer 74

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) or vasopressin

Question 75

it is also called as cytosol, the fluid within the cell

Answer 75

Intercellular Fluid (ICF)

Question 76

it is also called as plasma, the liquid portion of the blood

Answer 76

Extracellular Fluid (ECF)

Question 77

it separates ICF from ECF

Answer 77

Plasma Membrane

Question 78

it is inside the ECF that divides the interstitial fluid (ISF) from blood plasma

Answer 78

Capillary Membrane/Blood Vessel Walls

Question 79

primary means of water movement between ICF and ISF

Answer 79

Osmosis

Question 80

the most abundant cation in ECF

Answer 80

Na

Question 81

the most abundant anion in ECF

Answer 81

Cl

Question 82

the most abundant cation in ICF

Answer 82

K

Question 83

the most abundant anion in ICF

Answer 83

Protein and Phosphate (HPO4)

Question 84

the normal blood plasma concentration for HCO3 (bicarbonate acid) in systemic arterial

Answer 84

22-26 mEq/L

Question 85

the normal blood plasma concentration for PaCO2

Answer 85

35-45 mEq/L

Question 86

the normal respiratory rate

Answer 86

12-16 per min

Question 87

the normal blood plasma concentration for HCO3 (bicarbonate acid) in a venous blood

Answer 87

23-27 mEq/L

Question 88

What is inside the plasma blood that doesn't go through the capillary membrane because they are too large to go through?

Answer 88

Protein

Question 89

it helps maintain the osmotic gradient and helps to keep the water remain in the blood vessels

Answer 89

Albumin

Question 90

it moves easily between ICF and ESF because most plasma membranes contain many CL leakage channels and antiporters

Answer 90

Chloride

Question 91

it helps regulate Cl balance in the body fluid because it governs event of water loss in urine

Answer 91

ADH

Question 92

plays a role in establishing resting membrane potential and repolarization phase of action potentials in neurons and muscle fibers

Answer 92

Potassium

Question 93

it maintains the ICF volume

Answer 93

Potassium

Question 94

most prevalent ECF anion

Answer 94

Bicarbonate (HCO3)

Question 95

it is stored in bones therefore it is the most abundant mineral in the body

Answer 95

Calcium

Question 96

plays an important role in blood clotting, neurotransmitter release, maintenance of muscle tone, and excitability of nervous and muscle tissue

Answer 96

Calcium (Ca2+)

Question 97

they regulate the levels of Phosphate in blood plasma

Answer 97

PTH and Calcitriol

Question 98

it increases urinary excretion of phosphates and lowers blood phosphate levels

Answer 98

PTH

Question 99

promotes reabsorption of both phosphates and calcium from the G.I tract

Answer 99

Calcitriol

Question 100

the most common ICF cation

Answer 100

Magnesium

Question 101

it is essential for normal neuromascular activity, synaptic transmission, and myocardial functioning

Answer 101

Magnesium

Question 102

2/3 of total body water

Answer 102

ICF

Question 103

1/3 of total body water

Answer 103

ECF

Question 104

fluid inside the RBC

Answer 104

ICF

Question 105

fluid inside the plasma

Answer 105

ECF