water resources in the tropics

Question 1

water stores def

Answer 1

places where water is contained in

Question 2

categorize water stores

Answer 2

freshwater
saltwater

Question 3

freshwater stores

Answer 3

glaciers
rivers
lakes
groundwater
soils

Question 4

saltwater stores

Answer 4

oceans

Question 5

soil moisture

Answer 5

When it rains, water passes through the soil through small openings known as pores. Water that is stored in the soil is known as soil moisture.

Question 6

groundwater

Answer 6

found below the surface of the Earth. Water enters the ground through the pores in the soil due to gravity. Groundwater forms when a part of this water makes its way to the rocks beneath, filling up the pores and cracks of these rocks. People around the world dig wells to access groundwater.

Question 7

hydrologic cycle

Answer 7

evaporation
transpiration
condensation
precipitation
infiltration
percolation
surface runoff
groundwater flow

Question 8

evaporation

Answer 8

The process of water changing from liquid to gaseous state

Question 9

transpiration

Answer 9

The process by which water is lost through the surface of a plant

Question 10

condensation

Answer 10

The process of changing from a gaseous state to liquid state

Question 11

precipitation

Answer 11

Water that falls from clouds towards the ground

Question 12

infiltration

Answer 12

The process by which water enters the ground or soil

Question 13

perlocation

Answer 13

Downward flow of water through soil into the groundwater due to gravity

Question 14

surface runoff

Answer 14

Water that travels over the surface of the ground to reach streams and rivers

Question 15

groundwater flow

Answer 15

Very slow movement of water below Earth’s surface

Question 16

water budget

Answer 16

A water budget equation describes the flow of water in and out of a catchment area. Processes that increase the amount of water in a catchment are known as inputs, while processes that decrease the amount of water in a catchment are known as outputs.

Question 17

surplus

Answer 17

when input > output

Question 18

deficit

Answer 18

when output > input

Question 19

floods consequences

Answer 19

type of hazard
deaths
displacement
damages to property
disruption to economic activity

Question 20

When do floods occur

Answer 20

when the amount of water is NOT removed (drained away) efficiently by man-made structures

Question 21

flood def

Answer 21

A flood is an overflow of a large amount of water onto what is normally dry land.

Question 22

riverfloods

Answer 22

Typically caused by sustained heavy rainfall or for temperate countries – when meltwater produced from snow and ice starts to melt in the spring. A large amount of rainwater and meltwater in the catchment area enters the rivers and causes the water level to rise, eventually overflowing the river banks.

Question 23

permeability of surface cover

Answer 23

urban areas with a higher proportion of concrete (impermeable) surfaces might be more prone to floods

Question 24

permeability of vegetated surfaces

Answer 24

more permeable (water can infiltrate ground more easily)
less surface runoff
lower likelihood of floods

Question 25

permeability of concrete surfaces

Answer 25

impermeable high surface runoff higher likelihood of flood

Question 26

water channeled into mainstream in rural areas

Answer 26

SLOWLY Multiple entry points vertically downwards through infiltration Slower surface runoff when water runs through vegetation More water stored as soil moisture and groundwater

Question 27

Water channeled into the mainstream in urbanized areas

Answer 27

- Multiple man-made drains and canals that drain water away - Smooth concrete surface reduces friction (unlike vegetation), allows water to travel to mainstream in a flash - Sometimes, a heavy rainfall channels large volumes so quickly that it does not have enough time to drain fast enough→FLASHFLOODS

Question 28

flash flood

Answer 28

A flash flood takes place SUDDENLY and lasts for a short time. It can be caused by heavy rainfall. You can recognise a flash flood by its quick rise in water level

Question 29

flood types

Answer 29

riverfloods flashfloods

Question 30

How do countries manage water resources?

Answer 30

Improving water quality Reducing water consumption Improving water technologies Importing water

Question 31

How is water quality determined

Answer 31

amt of dissolved oxygen turbidity acidity

Question 32

What do water quality factors affect?

Answer 32

how well aquatic plants can grow range of aquatic animals that can survive

Question 33

One way Singapore maintains water quality

Answer 33

Singapore does not allow industries to release wastewater into water bodies without permission from the National Environment Agency (NEA)

Question 34

technologies Singapore has adopted to diverify our water sources

Answer 34

NEWater (recycled water) desalination

Question 35

importing water

Answer 35

In regions where water is relatively scarce, tension and conflicts between countries may arise over the sharing of water resources. In other parts of the world, countries may import water from their neighbours which have relatively abundant water resources.

Question 36

Where does Singapore draw our water supply

Answer 36

Linggiu Reservoir in Johor, Malaysia