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Nutrition 120 > Water-soluble vitamins > Flashcards

Water-soluble vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Thiamine functions as a coenzyme for…

A

energy production from CHO

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2
Q

Thiamine is part of which 2 coenzymes?

A

TPP and TDP

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3
Q

pyruvate creates acetyl-CoA. which coenzyme is needed to create pyruvate during this process?

A

TPP

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4
Q

Thiamines RDA is _____ for men and women

A

“low mg”

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5
Q

Thiamines best food sources include…

A

all meat, especially pork, and grain products are fortified

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6
Q

Thiamine deficiency is known as ___________ and still occurs where refined grains are eaten (Philippines) as well as alcoholism

A

“Beriberi”

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7
Q

symptoms of Beriberi are…

A

muscle weakness, neurological changes, tingling and numbness and depression

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8
Q

Thiamine is also known as…

A

vitamin B1

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9
Q

Riboflavin is also known as…

A

Vitamin B2

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10
Q

Riboflavin is part of which 2 coenzymes

A

FAD and FMN

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11
Q

Riboflavin is involved in reactions where glucose and fatty acids are used for…

A

Energy

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12
Q

Riboflavin deficiency is very ___________ to occur

A

“unlikely”

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13
Q

Riboflavin’s RDA is _____ for men and women

A

“low mg”

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14
Q

what are food sources for Riboflavin?

A

Milk and Meat, especially pork

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15
Q

Riboflavin is destroyed by…

A

Light

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16
Q

Niacin is also known as…

A

Nicotinic acid

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17
Q

Niacin food sources

A

Meat, especially chicken, grains are fortified

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18
Q

Niacin is part of which 2 coenzymes?

A

NAD and NADP

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19
Q

Niacin allows us to obtain energy from…

A

all 3 macronutrients

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20
Q

Niacins RDA is _____ for men and women.

A

“low mg”

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21
Q

what is Niacin deficiency called?

A

Pellagra

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22
Q

Symptoms of Niacin deficiency are… (3 d’s)

A

Dermatitis, Diarrhea and Dementia

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23
Q

Despite being an essential nutrient, humans can make Niacin from which amino acid?

A

Tryptophan

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24
Q

3% of consumed Tryptophan is converted into what vitamin?

A

Niacin

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25
Q

Vitamin B6 exists as “vitaminers” in 3 different forms. What are they?

A

pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine

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26
Q

Vitamin B6 is consumed in its inactive form. What is the name for active vitamin B6?

A

pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)

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27
Q

Vitamin B6’s RDA is _____ for men and women

A

“Low mg”

28
Q

best food sources for vitamin B6

A

meat and whole grain rice

29
Q

what is the coenzyme in reactions involving proteins and amino acids? this also includes the formation of the heme ring.

A

PLP (active B6)

30
Q

what is in the center of the heme ring?

A

Iron (Fe)

31
Q

Iron deficiency may actually be…

A

Vitamin B6 deficiency (unable to make heme ring with iron in the center)

32
Q

tryptophan can be converted into niacin and serotonin. what coenzyme is needed for the enzyme that carries out this process?

A

vitamin B6

33
Q

what increases the activity of the enzyme that converts tryptophan into Niacin?

A

Estrogen

34
Q

extra vitamin B6 may be required for women taking oral contraceptives because it creates an extra amount of what hormone?

A

Estrogen

35
Q

extra vitamin B6 may be required for women taking oral contraceptives because it creates an extra amount of what hormone?

A

Estrogen

36
Q

what is the UL of vitamin B6?

A

100mg/day

37
Q

vitamin B6 deficiency can cause what symptoms?

A

convulsions, nerve symptoms and seizures

38
Q

what anemia is caused by vitamin B6 deficiency?

A

Hypochromic microcytic anemia (pale red blood cells)

39
Q

Cobalamine is also known as…

A

Vitamin B12

40
Q

What mineral is found in Cobalamine?

A

Co (cobalt)

41
Q

Vitamin B12 functions as a coenzyme in reactions that transfer __________ groups from 1 biomolecule to another

A

methyl (CH3) example:
folate-CH3 (inactive),
B12 grabs CH3 -> B12-CH3
leaves only folate which is now active

42
Q

cobalamine (B12) is only found in foods of what origin?

A

Animal

43
Q

If B12 is found on plants, it is from what contaminate?

A

Animal or human feces

44
Q

What is cobalamine’s RDA?

A

2.4mcg/day (19-50)

45
Q

what foods have Vitamin B12?

A

Meat, dairy only animal products

46
Q

what 3 ways should vegans get cobalamine?

A

B12-enriched soy foods, supplements or nutrition yeast grown on B12-rich medium

47
Q

what results from B12 deficiencies?

A

Neurological disorders

48
Q

Megaloblastic Anemia results from a deficiency in 1 or both of these 2 vitamins

A

Folate and/or Vitamin B12

49
Q

Pernicious Anemia, which looks like Megaloblastic Anemia, occurs when a person lacks…

A

Intrinsic factor (IF) which means they cannot absorb vitamin B12, cured by injections of B12, oral B12 or nasal spray

50
Q

Folic acid is also known as…

A

Folate

51
Q

folic acid has what AA attached

A

Glutamate

52
Q

what is folates RDA?

A

400mcg a day

53
Q

What are folates best food sources?

A

Lentils or any legumes, green leafy vegetables and grains are fortified.

54
Q

folate’s UL is…

A

1000Mcg/day

55
Q

Neural Tube defect results from a deficiency in what vitamin?

A

Folate

56
Q

Folate fortification in grains prevents what?

A

NeuralTube Defects (spinal fluid pools outside the spinal cord)

57
Q

Ascorbic acid is also known as…

A

Vitamin C

58
Q

What foods are rich in Vitamin C?

A

Fruits and vegetables (especially oranges and kiwis)

59
Q

what is Vitamin C’s RDA?

A

75/90 mg/day

60
Q

Vitamin C donates electrons and hydrogens, meaning it is a…

A

Reducing agent (antioxidant)

61
Q

what coenzyme is needed to convert cholesterol into hormones and bile acids?

A

Vitamin C

62
Q

what is vitamin C deficiency called?

A

scurvy

63
Q

what vitamin helps the absorption of iron and calcium?

A

Vitamin C

64
Q

teeth falling out and rupture of blood vessels is caused by weakened collagen structure in the body. This is a symptom of what?

A

Scurvy

65
Q

what is the upper limit of ascorbic acid?

A

UL=2000mg/day

66
Q

iron overload could be a result of toxicity of what vitamin?

A

vitamin C (enhances iron absorption)

Nutrition 120 (3 decks)

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