Water-soluble vitamins

Question 1

Thiamine functions as a coenzyme for…

Answer 1

energy production from CHO

Question 2

Thiamine is part of which 2 coenzymes?

Answer 2

TPP and TDP

Question 3

pyruvate creates acetyl-CoA. which coenzyme is needed to create pyruvate during this process?

Answer 3

TPP

Question 4

Thiamines RDA is _____ for men and women

Answer 4

“low mg”

Question 5

Thiamines best food sources include…

Answer 5

all meat, especially pork, and grain products are fortified

Question 6

Thiamine deficiency is known as ___________ and still occurs where refined grains are eaten (Philippines) as well as alcoholism

Answer 6

“Beriberi”

Question 7

symptoms of Beriberi are…

Answer 7

muscle weakness, neurological changes, tingling and numbness and depression

Question 8

Thiamine is also known as…

Answer 8

vitamin B1

Question 9

Riboflavin is also known as…

Answer 9

Vitamin B2

Question 10

Riboflavin is part of which 2 coenzymes

Answer 10

FAD and FMN

Question 11

Riboflavin is involved in reactions where glucose and fatty acids are used for…

Answer 11

Energy

Question 12

Riboflavin deficiency is very ___________ to occur

Answer 12

“unlikely”

Question 13

Riboflavin’s RDA is _____ for men and women

Answer 13

“low mg”

Question 14

what are food sources for Riboflavin?

Answer 14

Milk and Meat, especially pork

Question 15

Riboflavin is destroyed by…

Answer 15

Light

Question 16

Niacin is also known as…

Answer 16

Nicotinic acid

Question 17

Niacin food sources

Answer 17

Meat, especially chicken, grains are fortified

Question 18

Niacin is part of which 2 coenzymes?

Answer 18

NAD and NADP

Question 19

Niacin allows us to obtain energy from…

Answer 19

all 3 macronutrients

Question 20

Niacins RDA is _____ for men and women.

Answer 20

“low mg”

Question 21

what is Niacin deficiency called?

Answer 21

Pellagra

Question 22

Symptoms of Niacin deficiency are… (3 d’s)

Answer 22

Dermatitis, Diarrhea and Dementia

Question 23

Despite being an essential nutrient, humans can make Niacin from which amino acid?

Answer 23

Tryptophan

Question 24

3% of consumed Tryptophan is converted into what vitamin?

Answer 24

Niacin

Question 25

Vitamin B6 exists as "vitaminers" in 3 different forms. What are they?

Answer 25

pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine

Question 26

Vitamin B6 is consumed in its inactive form. What is the name for active vitamin B6?

Answer 26

pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)

Question 27

Vitamin B6's RDA is _____ for men and women

Answer 27

"Low mg"

Question 28

best food sources for vitamin B6

Answer 28

meat and whole grain rice

Question 29

what is the coenzyme in reactions involving proteins and amino acids? this also includes the formation of the heme ring.

Answer 29

PLP (active B6)

Question 30

what is in the center of the heme ring?

Answer 30

Iron (Fe)

Question 31

Iron deficiency may actually be...

Answer 31

Vitamin B6 deficiency (unable to make heme ring with iron in the center)

Question 32

tryptophan can be converted into niacin and serotonin. what coenzyme is needed for the enzyme that carries out this process?

Answer 32

vitamin B6

Question 33

what increases the activity of the enzyme that converts tryptophan into Niacin?

Answer 33

Estrogen

Question 34

extra vitamin B6 may be required for women taking oral contraceptives because it creates an extra amount of what hormone?

Answer 34

Estrogen

Question 35

extra vitamin B6 may be required for women taking oral contraceptives because it creates an extra amount of what hormone?

Answer 35

Estrogen

Question 36

what is the UL of vitamin B6?

Answer 36

100mg/day

Question 37

vitamin B6 deficiency can cause what symptoms?

Answer 37

convulsions, nerve symptoms and seizures

Question 38

what anemia is caused by vitamin B6 deficiency?

Answer 38

Hypochromic microcytic anemia (pale red blood cells)

Question 39

Cobalamine is also known as...

Answer 39

Vitamin B12

Question 40

What mineral is found in Cobalamine?

Answer 40

Co (cobalt)

Question 41

Vitamin B12 functions as a coenzyme in reactions that transfer __________ groups from 1 biomolecule to another

Answer 41

methyl (CH3) example: folate-CH3 (inactive), B12 grabs CH3 -> B12-CH3 leaves only folate which is now active

Question 42

cobalamine (B12) is only found in foods of what origin?

Answer 42

Animal

Question 43

If B12 is found on plants, it is from what contaminate?

Answer 43

Animal or human feces

Question 44

What is cobalamine's RDA?

Answer 44

2.4mcg/day (19-50)

Question 45

what foods have Vitamin B12?

Answer 45

Meat, dairy only animal products

Question 46

what 3 ways should vegans get cobalamine?

Answer 46

B12-enriched soy foods, supplements or nutrition yeast grown on B12-rich medium

Question 47

what results from B12 deficiencies?

Answer 47

Neurological disorders

Question 48

Megaloblastic Anemia results from a deficiency in 1 or both of these 2 vitamins

Answer 48

Folate and/or Vitamin B12

Question 49

Pernicious Anemia, which looks like Megaloblastic Anemia, occurs when a person lacks...

Answer 49

Intrinsic factor (IF) which means they cannot absorb vitamin B12, cured by injections of B12, oral B12 or nasal spray

Question 50

Folic acid is also known as...

Answer 50

Folate

Question 51

folic acid has what AA attached

Answer 51

Glutamate

Question 52

what is folates RDA?

Answer 52

400mcg a day

Question 53

What are folates best food sources?

Answer 53

Lentils or any legumes, green leafy vegetables and grains are fortified.

Question 54

folate's UL is...

Answer 54

1000Mcg/day

Question 55

Neural Tube defect results from a deficiency in what vitamin?

Answer 55

Folate

Question 56

Folate fortification in grains prevents what?

Answer 56

NeuralTube Defects (spinal fluid pools outside the spinal cord)

Question 57

Ascorbic acid is also known as...

Answer 57

Vitamin C

Question 58

What foods are rich in Vitamin C?

Answer 58

Fruits and vegetables (especially oranges and kiwis)

Question 59

what is Vitamin C's RDA?

Answer 59

75/90 mg/day

Question 60

Vitamin C donates electrons and hydrogens, meaning it is a...

Answer 60

Reducing agent (antioxidant)

Question 61

what coenzyme is needed to convert cholesterol into hormones and bile acids?

Answer 61

Vitamin C

Question 62

what is vitamin C deficiency called?

Answer 62

scurvy

Question 63

what vitamin helps the absorption of iron and calcium?

Answer 63

Vitamin C

Question 64

teeth falling out and rupture of blood vessels is caused by weakened collagen structure in the body. This is a symptom of what?

Answer 64

Scurvy

Question 65

what is the upper limit of ascorbic acid?

Answer 65

UL=2000mg/day

Question 66

iron overload could be a result of toxicity of what vitamin?

Answer 66

vitamin C (enhances iron absorption)