Water Soluble Vitamins

Question 1

Sore throat, redness and swelling of the mouth, cheilosis, angular stomatitis, magenta tongue, moist scaly skin, seborrheic dermatitis, fatigue, weakness, tachycardia, easy bruising, photophobia, fissure tongue, forgetfulness, depression, irritability, and hostility are all SSXs of __ Vitamin deficiency

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Who might be at risk for B vitamin deficiency?

Answer 2

Vegetarians..specifically Vegans

Question 3

Vitamin B1

Answer 3

Thiamin

Question 4

Vitamin B2

Answer 4

Riboflavin

Question 5

Vitamin B3

Answer 5

Niacin

Question 6

Vitamin B5

Answer 6

Pantothenic acid

Question 7

Vitamin B6

Answer 7

Pyridoxine

Question 8

Vitamin B7

Answer 8

Biotin

Question 10

Vitamin B12

Answer 10

Cobalamin

Question 11

Energy metabolism, nervous system, and protein synthesis are 3 important functions of what B vitamin?

Answer 11

Thiamin B1

Question 12

What is thiamin deficiency called?

Answer 12

Beri Beri

Question 13

Name the 3 types of Beri Beri

Answer 13

1. Dry
2. Wet
3. Cerebral

Question 14

Cardiac problems are associated with ___ Beri Beri

Answer 14

Wet

Question 15

Wernicke’s and Korsakoff’s are associated with ___ Beri Beri

Answer 15

Cerebral

Question 16

Dry Beri Beri is associated with what presentation?

Answer 16

Paralytic/nervous

Question 17

___ is required for thiamin activation (mineral)

Answer 17

Magnesium

Question 18

What is the toxicity of Thiamin?

Answer 18

NONE

Question 19

___ is an integral component of flavocoenzymes

Answer 19

Riboflavin

Question 20

2 important functions of riboflavin?

Answer 20

1. Oxidation-reduction reactions (electron transport, metabolism of fat protein, carbs)
2. Antioxidant (indirect-glutathione reductase)

Question 21

In the glutathione redox cycle, ___ reduces it, while ___ oxidizes it

Answer 21

Riboflavin (FAD), Selenium

Question 22

Riboflavin deficiency can cause what two unique SSXs?

Answer 22

Corneal vascularization, normochromic-normocytic anemia

Question 23

What is the toxic level of riboflavin?

Answer 23

NONE

Question 24

Highly active people, cataract prevention, migraine, Parkinson’s, and psoriasis may all benefit from ___ supplementation

Answer 24

Riboflavin

Question 25

What dose of riboflavin is useful for migraine headaches?

Answer 25

400mg/day for 3 months

Question 26

A potential harmless side effect of excess riboflavin?

Answer 26

Bright yellow/fluorescent urine

Question 27

Niacin/nicotinamide are used to form what coenzyme?

Answer 27

NAD+ (or NADP+)

Question 28

Which B vitamin is involved in blood sugar regulation?

Answer 28

Niacin

Question 29

What is Niacin deficiency called?

Answer 29

Pellagra

Question 30

The 3 D’s of Pellagra?

Answer 30

Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia......DEATH

Question 31

NAD can be synthesized from what amino acid?

Answer 31

Tryptophan

Question 32

__mg tryptophan = 1mg niacin

Answer 32

60

Question 33

What is the tolerable upper intake level (UL) of niacin and why?

Answer 33

35mg to avoid flushing

Question 34

The treatment of cardiovascular disease can be helped by niacin, but not ____

Answer 34

Niacinamide

Question 35

The Coronary Drug Project (CDP-Niacin) was for men with previous MI. They took __g/day for 6 years and had positive results.

Answer 35

3

Question 36

Nicotinic acid causes flushing, but is effective. What are the results of time release and wax matrix nicotinic acid?

Answer 36

TR=less flushing, more toxic, less effective | WM=less flushing, effective

Question 37

In niacin treatment for hyperlipidemia start with ___mg BID-TID, then increase by ____mg every 2-3 days.

Answer 37

100, 100

Question 38

What is the active form of pyridoxine (B6)?

Answer 38

Pyridoxal 5-Phosphate (PLP)

Question 39

____ is required for pyridoxine to PLP reaction (other B vitamin)

Answer 39

Riboflavin (B2)

Question 40

What is the tolerable upper intake level of Pyridoxine in adults and why?

Answer 40

100mg - sensory neuropathy

Question 41

What is the role of pyridoxine in homocysteine metabolism?

Answer 41

Nucleic acid synthesis, methylation process (converts homocysteine to cysteine)

Question 42

Pyridoxine is associated with the same deficiency SSXs as ___ and ___ (other B vitamins)

Answer 42

Niacin, Riboflavin

Question 43

The sulfur containing amino acid involved in the methylation process of homocysteine, along with pyridoxine?

Answer 43

Methionine

Question 44

Folic acid and folate are used interchangeably, but ___ is more stable, rarely found in foods or the human body, and used in supplements.

Answer 44

Folic acid

Question 45

The active form of folic acid?

Answer 45

5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF)

Question 46

Methylation, nucleic acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and cell growth are all important functions of this B vitamin.

Answer 46

Folic acid

Question 47

Who is susceptible to folic acid deficiency?

Answer 47

Pregnant women, alcoholics

Question 48

What might be the first sign of folic acid deficiency?

Answer 48

Elevated homocysteine

Question 49

The tolerable upper intake level of folic acid in adults?

Answer 49

1,000ug (does NOT pertain to pregnant women)

Question 50

The prevalence of the MTHFR polymorphism: __% may have heterozygous form, while __% may have homozygous form

Answer 50

50%, 5-25%

Question 51

What B vitamin may be helpful in AIDS and recurrent miscarriages?

Answer 51

Folic acid

Question 52

The largest and most complex structure of all vitamins

Answer 52

B12

Question 53

___ functions in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine, folate metabolism, methylation of DNA and RNA, producing succinyl-CoA, metabolism of fat and protein, and synthesis of Hb

Answer 53

Vitamin B12

Question 54

Toxicity of Vitamin B12?

Answer 54

NONE

Question 55

___ is a component of Coenzyme A

Answer 55

Pantothenic Acid (B5)

Question 56

___ is involved in energy production (Krebs cycle), fatty acid synthesis, cholesterol synthesis, heme synthesis, acetylcholine synthesis, amino acid catabolism

Answer 56

Pantothenic acid (B5)

Question 57

Tolerable upper intake level for pantothenic acid?

Answer 57

NONE

Question 58

This form of pantothenic acid is useful for hypercholesterolemia. It is 2 pantothenic acid molecules joined by a disulfide bond.

Answer 58

Pantethine

Question 59

Collagen formation, carnitine synthesis, neurotransmitter synthesis, cholesterol breakdown and secretion, antioxidant. All functions of Vitamin __

Answer 59

C

Question 60

Vitamin C deficiency is called?

Answer 60

Scurvy

Question 61

SSx of Scurvy?

Answer 61

Impaired connective tissue synthesis, wound healing, immunity

Question 62

Tolerable upper limit of Vitamin C in adults? Why?

Answer 62

2,000mg - to prevent diarrhea

Question 63

Pregnancy and lactation, anticonvulsant drugs, oral antibiotics, hypocaloric diet for weight loss, and raw egg consumption are all risks for ____ deficiency

Answer 63

Biotin

Question 64

Hair loss, hyperesthesia, paresthesia, and deficiency face are all SSXs of ___ deficiency

Answer 64

Biotin

Question 65

Toxicity of Biotin?

Answer 65

NONE

Question 66

___ may be an important supplement for Diabetes

Answer 66

Biotin

Question 67

Humans lack the ability to synthesize ____. It is a potent reducing agent, and the primary water-soluble, non-enzymatic antioxidant in plasma and tissues

Answer 67

Vitamin C

Question 68

Vitamin B9

Answer 68

Folic acid