Water & Solutions Vocavulary

Question 1

Capillary Action

Answer 1

The attraction of the surface of a liquid to the surface of a solid.

Question 2

Vaporization

Answer 2

The process by which a liquid or solid changes to a gas.

Question 3

Evaporation

Answer 3

The process by which particles escape from the surface of a non boiling liquid and enter the gas state.

Question 4

Condensation

Answer 4

The process by which a gas changes to a liquid.

Question 5

Polar

Answer 5

Bonds that have an uneven distribution of charge.

Question 6

Nonpolar

Answer 6

Bond in which the bonding electrons are shared equally by the bonded atoms, resulting in a balanced distribution of electrical charge.

Question 7

Solubility

Answer 7

The amount of a substance required to form a saturated solution with a specific amount of solvent at a specified temperature.

Question 8

Soluble

Answer 8

Capable of being dissolved.

Question 9

Solution

Answer 9

A homogenous mixture of two or more substances in a single phase.

Question 10

Solute

Answer 10

Substance dissolved in a solution.

Question 11

Solvent

Answer 11

The dissolving medium in a solution.

Question 12

Solvated

Answer 12

A solute particle that is surrounded by solvent molecules.

Question 13

Dipole

Answer 13

Created by equal but opposite charges that are separated by a short distance.

Question 14

Surface Tension

Answer 14

A force that tends to pull adjacent parts of a liquid’s surface together, thereby decreasing surface area to smallest possible size.

Question 15

Hydrogen bond

Answer 15

The electrostatic attraction between polar molecules that occurs when a hydrogen atom bound to a highly electronegative atom experiences attraction to some other nearby highly electronegative atom.

Question 16

Universal solvent

Answer 16

Water; a solvent able to dissolve every other substance.

Question 17

Aqueous solution

Answer 17

A solution in which the solvent is water.

Question 18

Suspension

Answer 18

A mixture in which the particles in the solvent are so large that they settle out unless the mixture is constantly stirred or agitated.

Question 19

Colloids

Answer 19

A mixture consisting of particles that are intermediate in size between those in solution and suspensions.

Question 20

Tyndall effect

Answer 20

Light scattering by particles in a colloid or particles in a fine suspension.

Question 21

Electrolyte

Answer 21

A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electric current.

Question 22

Nonelectrolyte

Answer 22

A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that does not conduct an electric current.

Question 23

Saturated solution

Answer 23

A solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute.

Question 24

Unsaturated solution

Answer 24

A solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution under the existing conditions.

Question 25

Supersaturated solution

Answer 25

A solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution contains under the same conditions.

Question 26

Hydration

Answer 26

A solution process with water as the solvent.

Question 27

Immiscible

Answer 27

Liquid solutes and solvents that are not soluble in each other.

Question 28

Miscible

Answer 28

Liquid solutes and solvents that are able to dissolve freely in one another in any process.

Question 29

Precipitate

Answer 29

A solid that is produced as a result of a chemical reaction in solution and that separates from the solution.

Question 30

Emulsion

Answer 30

A fine dispersion of minute droplets on one liquid in another in which it is not soluble or miscible.

Question 31

Henry's law

Answer 31

The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas on the surface of the liquid.

Question 32

Effervescence

Answer 32

The rapid escape of a gas from the liquid in which it is dissolved.

Question 33

Concentration

Answer 33

A measure of the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent or solution.

Question 34

Molarity

Answer 34

The number of moles of solute in one liter of solution.

Question 35

Molality

Answer 35

The concentration of a solution expressed in moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.