Watery World

Question 1

Water Supply problems in HIC’s

Answer 1

Leakage-1000 million liter of water lost in 2003/2004. almost a quarter of pumped water leaked away before reaching the taps
Seasonal rain imbalance-tourists demand swimming pools, golf courses, fresh food.
Rainfall variability-rainfall is not even throught the year. resevoirs run low and ground leveks fall. cant count on rain.

Question 2

water born diseases 1

Answer 2

Dysentry- infection of the large intestine. one of biggest killers of children.
symptoms- diarrhoea, fever, feel sick. keep drinking clear liquid

Question 3

water born disease 2

Answer 3

bilharzia-parasitic worms in the blood. causes kidney failure. common in the tropics.
symptoms- fever, stomach ache, bumby skin, tiredness

Question 4

water borne disease 3

Answer 4

Trachoma-caught from contaminated water, blindness

symptoms-swelling eyes, inward eyelashes. antibiotics help with this.

Question 5

ways that industries are saving water. Taps-

Answer 5

Push taps-ideal for public areas. saves 31m3 a year.

Tap restrictors-equal flow. reduces water flow by 15%

Question 6

ways that industries are saving water.Showers-

Answer 6

push button showers-ideal for public use. saves 5-15% per shower depending on location
Shower regulators-equal flow. reduces flow by 20%

Question 7

ways that industries are saving water. toilets-

Answer 7

urinal flush controls-saves 10% per toilet

Toilet water dams-savings of 20% per toilet

Question 8

water management in LIC’s

Answer 8

Hand dug wells, Tubewells/boreholes, Rainwater harvesting, gravity fed schemes, recycling

Question 9

Hand dug wells-

Answer 9

often dry out as they are too shallow + become polluted as they are not lined or roofed

Question 10

tubewells/boreholes

Answer 10

small hand powered drilled holes. built quickly. require less maintenance. reach greater depths, safer to construct.

Question 11

Rainwater harvesting

Answer 11

falling rain collected from clean roofs, where it runs down the gutter to a storage tank

Question 12

gravity fed schemes-

Answer 12

hilly areas. water is piped down into the spring or damn which is protected.

Question 13

recycling-

Answer 13

eg India- Factory treats 425 million liters of sewage which makes 400 million liters of recycled water.

Question 14

Where is the three gorges damn?

Answer 14

East of China leading to Shanghai. 3rd biggest river in the world.

Question 15

when was the scheme finished, and how long will it last?

Answer 15

finished in 2008. only last for 40 years

Question 16

how many people live in china

Answer 16

1 billion

Question 17

purposes

Answer 17

feed people, irrigate crops, prevent flooding, make paddy fields grow22km2 storage capacity, hydro electric power-18 nuclear power stations worth, industrial usage

Question 18

Negative effects

Answer 18

causes fresh water yangtze dolphin nearly extinct, 1.4 million have had to move due to rising waters
landslide-already collapsed in 91 places
july 2007 hillslide collapsed killing 13 farmerrs, drowning 11 fishermen
pollution. 1 billion tonnes of waste water released into dam annually

Question 19

positive effects

Answer 19

flood capacity of 22.15 billion m3. protects `500000 hectares of farmland
protects 15 million people
hydroelectric power,18 nuclear power stations worth
tourism- more than 800000 visited in 2007
tourist sites along dam being developed
new railways and new airport for industrial uses
provides raw materials
cheap labour

Question 20

WALKERS CRISP - how much has it reduced its water consumption

Answer 20

by 50%, saving 700 millionn liters a year

Question 21

how did they do this?

Answer 21

installing 30 water meters at production plants-see where water was being used

Question 22

how did they do this?

Answer 22

recycling water to use elsewhere in the production

Question 23

how did they do this

Answer 23

re educated staffabout use of water-water usage is now monitered per shift

Question 24

how did they thank the staff

Answer 24

giving a prize to the company with the best contribution towards sustainablity

Question 25

how has it improved?

Answer 25

In Burson, it has dropped from 17.67 liters to 9.24 liters of potatoes processed and in leycroft it has reduced by 13.65 6.38

Question 26

TIGRIS EUPHRATES water conflict. what is the problem?

Answer 26

both rivers have their source in Turkey and flow through Syria and Iraq. Turkey has created several dams which restrict the flow of water into Syria and iraq

Question 27

what project is trying to help?

Answer 27

GAP. $32 billion project to harness the power and potential of the upper reaches of the tigris and euphrates river and to irrigate crops imbetween

Question 28

what was achieved when completed in 2010

Answer 28

21 dams, 17 hydroelectric power plants. producs approx 22% of Turleys electricity requirements

Question 29

What dam is the key structure for this project?

Answer 29

the Ataturk dam

Question 30

Ataturk dam??

Answer 30

generates 8.9 billion KWH in electricty. responsible for opening of more than 180000acres of farmland.

Question 31

What does Turkey argue towards the scheme?

Answer 31

GAP is beneficial to syria and iraq as the flow is more constant

Question 32

problem of the scheme?

Answer 32

Turkeys water might be recycled back into the dam, flowing downstream, so water quality decreases. problem for Iraq as it is the lowest downstream.

Question 33

What does Iraq fear

Answer 33

That Turkey and Syria will use most of the water