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Wave Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

how to calculate the maximum no. of maxima in double slit experiment

A

path difference < slit difference (a)
because of triangle inequality
(length of two sides> other side of triangle)

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2
Q

what can be observed under dispersion

A

A colour spectrum is seen

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3
Q

how to capture image from a convex lens

A

sharp image by using a screen

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4
Q

why its better to calculate the 2nd maxima rather than the 1st one in diffraction grating

A

smaller percentage error

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5
Q

why its not a good choice to use LED in double slit

A

the screen will be uniformly illuminated

light form LED is incoherant

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6
Q

what is the condition when double slit experiment is performed

A

D&raquo_space; a
D» y
Make use of small angle approximation sin veta ~ tan beta

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7
Q

why slit width need to be narrow in double slit

A

to ensure the light through 2 slits diffract enough to interfere

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8
Q

what factors will affect speed of wave

A

tension increases, speed increases

mass increases , speed decreases

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9
Q

fundamental frequency in stationary waves

A

when wavelength= 2L (最盡wavelength時候ge frequency)

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10
Q

what would happen to the antinodal lines if the separation of the sources is reduced slightly

A

the separations of both lines is greater

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11
Q

Compare the brightness of the image with different size

A

As the light energy collected by the lens is the same for both case, an enlarged image has the same amount of light energy distributed over a larger image, so the intensity of light decreases.

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12
Q

why alternate maxima and minima are shown along a plane

A

path difference of the diffracted waves from the slits to probe varies along XY
constructive and destructive interference occur alternately to give maxima and minima

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13
Q

double slit experiment

is central maximum count as a maximum?

A

YES

0 lamda = first maxima

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14
Q

why radio waves of lower frequencies not suitable for use in radar

A

radiowaves with lower frequencies have greater diffraction effect
radio waves not to be reflected from small objects.

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15
Q

放大鏡 english?

A

magnifying glass

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16
Q

how to find focal length with experimental setup

A

place the lens on the paper and trace its outline using ray tracing method such as
direct and trace a light ray parallel to the principle axis

direct another light ray parallel to the principle axis and trace the path of the ray on the paper

Extend the emerging rays and locate the point of intersection

Measure the distance from the point of intersection to the center of the lens which gives the focal length of the lens.

Error: Scale accuracy of the ruler (cor to nearest mm)

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17
Q

why a minimum occurs at a point

A

The waves from A and B are in antiphase at the point and the path difference at the point = (n + 0.5)lamda
So destructive interference occurs to form a minimum

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18
Q

wt is the suitable and normal setting for young double slit experiment
single slit width?
double slit separation?
distance between screen and double slit?

A

1mm
0.1mm
1m

D=10m too long not practical

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19
Q

what is the factor affecting wavespeed

A

medium only!!!!!!!!!!
(different medium causing refraction)
changing frequency only wont affect wavespeed

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20
Q

what is the factor affecting frequency

A

only the change of the source

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21
Q

what is the distinctive properties of wave

A

interference

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22
Q

can ultrasound sterilize drinking water

A

no

thats ultra violet

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23
Q

what is the nature of image formed by convex lens when u > f

A

real and inverted

while inverted means 左右倒轉 上下倒轉

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24
Q

why the slit width has to be very narrow in order for the double slit pattern to be observed

A

To ensure that the light through the 2 slits diffract enough to interfere

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25
converging lens is?
convex lens
26
diverging lens is?
concave lens
27
state the law of reflection
The incident ray, reflected ray and the normal all lie in the same plane the angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of reflection
28
how a regular reflection is formed
if the surface is flat and smooth the normal at different positions are parallel to one another the parallel rays are reflected in the same direction
29
how a diffuse reflection is formed
the normal at different points on a rough surface point at different directions parallel rays of light are reflected towards different direction
30
what is virtual image
an image cannot be projected on screen
31
names in a lens
optical centre principle axis principle focus focal length
32
how does travelling wave transmit energy
it transmits energy without transferring matter | like a ball on water wont move inward or outward
33
what is a transverse wave
a transverse wave is one in which the particle vibrations are perpendicular to the direction of travel of the wave
34
what is a longitudinal wave
a longitudinal wave is one in which the particle vibrations are along the direction of travel of the wave
35
what are the points in transverse wave
upper point : crest | lower point : trough
36
what are the points in longitudinal wave
compression and rarefaction
37
what is amplitude
it is the maximum displacement of the particle from its equilibrium position
38
what is wavelength
it is the minimum distance over which the waveform repeats itself
39
what is in phase
when two particles are sperated by any whole number of wavelength are vibrating in phase in a travelling wave always move in the same direction opposite: in anitiphase
40
in a travelling wave | when f increase, then?
wavelength decrease | wave speed along a stretched spring is in general independent of the frequency.
41
what does speed of wave usually depends on?
the medium it travels through
42
what is wavefront
a line of neighbouring points which are vibrating in phase
43
what is diffraction
the bending or spreading of waves around the edge into the shadow of the obstacle
44
when will the diffraction of waves at a gap be observable
when the width of the gap is comparable to the wavelength of the waves
45
how constructive interference is formed
it occurs at position where two waves arrive in phase, Particles at those positions vibrate with a larger amplitude the path difference is equal to whole numbers of wavelength
46
how destructive interference is formed
it occurs at position where two waves arrive in antiphase. Particles at those position remain stationary the path difference is equal to 0.5 lambda, 1.5 lambda and so on
47
what are antinodal lines
where constructive interference occurs
48
what are nodal lines
where destructive interference occurs
49
what is a coherant source
when two source have the same frequency and a constant phase difference
50
factors affecting the inteference pattern
wavelength of the wave when wavelength decreases, nodal and antinodal lines become more closely spaced. the separation between the sources when the separation increases, nodal and antinodal lines become more closely spaced.
51
what is unique about wave
only wave exhibit diffraction and interference
52
what are the names in stationary wave
nodes where particles do not vibrate antinodes where particles vibrate with the largest amplitude.
53
how a stationary wave is formed
it results from the interference of two waves with the same frequency and amplitude traveling at the same speed in opposite direction
54
state the principle of superposition
it states that when two waves meet, the displacement of any point on the resultant wave is the sum of the displacements due to both waves at the point
55
how interference is formed
when two waves cross
56
where is the energy in stationary wave
energy is stored | not transmitting
57
what is monochromatic light
light with a single wavelength
58
why the fringe formed by plane transmission grating are brighter
a grating allow more light to pass through as it has much more slits than a double slit
59
what will glow under UV radiation?
fluorescent
60
what em wave is used in radar
microwaves
61
how sound is produced
when a sound source vibrates | the air particles nearby are forced to vibrate and in turn set the neighboring air particles in vibration
62
what is mechanical wave
different from electromagnetic waves | it need a medium to travel through such as sound wave and water wave
63
what is the unit measuring sound intensity level
dB | decibels
64
what is monochromatic
the beam only consists of a single frequency
65
what is the function of spongy lining at the edge of the ripple tank
prevent water waves from bouncing back at the edges of the tank to absorb the water waves
66
why cant a transverse wave push a ball to the shore
transverse wave transfer energy but not matter
67
what is the name of that mirror on the car
rear-view mirror

phy (7 decks)

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