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waves Flashcards

(84 cards)

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1
Q

what are waves produced by

A

oscillating or a vibrating system

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2
Q

what are oscillation and vibration

A

repetitive motions about an equilibrium in a closed path

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3
Q

what are progressive waves

A

is a wave that travels with time along the direction of propagation of the wave

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4
Q

what are stationary waves

A

a wave where the profile of the wave does not propagate with time

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5
Q

how can stationary waves be produced

A

through musical instruments such as guitars

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6
Q

list 3 points for mechanical waves

A

requires medium to transfer energy from one point to another

made up of vibrating particles of a medium

water waves, sound waves, and seismic waves on the surface of the earth are mechanical waves

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7
Q

list 3 points for electromagnetic waves

A

does not require a medium

made up if oscillating electric and magnetic fields perpendicular to one another

radio waves, light waves and gamma rays are examples of them

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8
Q

compare transverse waves and longitudinal waves

A

particles of the medium vibrate in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the propagation of the wave

particles of the medium vibrate in the direction parallel to the direction of propagation of the wave

made up of crests and troughs

made up of consecutive compressions and rarefactions

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9
Q

what is the definition of amplitude, A

A

maximum displacement of a particle from its equilibrium position

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10
Q

what is the definition of period, T

A

the time taken by a particle to make one complete oscillation or by a source to produce one complete cycle of wave

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11
Q

what is the definition of frequency, f

A

number of complete oscillations made by a particle or number of cycles of waves produced by a source in one second

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12
Q

what is the definition of wavelength, lambda

A

distance between two consecutive points in phase

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13
Q

what is the definition of wave speed, v

A

distance travelled per second by a wave profile

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14
Q

what is the formula for speed of wave

A

v = f lambda

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15
Q

sketch the graph of displacement against time and distance for waves

A

d

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16
Q

what are the two dippers used in ripple tank

A

plane dipper and spherical dipper

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17
Q

how does oscillating systems experience energy loss

A

external damping
loses energy to overcome friction to sir resistance
internal damping
loses energy because stretching and compression if the vibrating particles in the system

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18
Q

what is damping

A

damping is the reduction in amplitude in an oscillating system due to loss of energy.
during damping, the oscillating frequency remains constant while the oscillating amplitude decreases.

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19
Q

how can the effect of damping be overcome

A

applying periodic external force on the oscillating system. the periodic external force transfers energy into the oscillating system to replace the energy lost.
the system is said to be in forced oscillation

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20
Q

how does an oscillating system be at resonance

A

when a periodic force is applied to an oscillating system at its natural frequency

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21
Q

what happens during resonance

A

the system oscillates with its natural frequency

system oscillates with maximum amplitude

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22
Q

what is wavefront

A

a surface over in which the wave is constant

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23
Q

what happens to angle of incidence and angle of reflection when wave is reflected

A

angle of incidence = angle reflection

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24
Q

what happens to the wavelength after reflection of wave

A

no change

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25
what happens to the frequency when wave is reflected
no change
26
what happens to the direction of propagation when wave is reflected
changes with the condition that the angle of incidence is the same as angle of reflection
27
try to draw the diagram for reflection of water waves
kn
28
give 4 applications of reflection of waves in daily life
ultrasonic waves used in medical field to examine a foetus or other internal organs radio waves from communication satellites are reflected by the parabolic dish and focussed into the antenna in the feed horn technology of ultrasonic of reflection which is known as sonar helps to detect areas which have a lot of fish. transducer transmit waves into the water and these waves are reflected by the fish to the transducer patterns of reflected sound waves caused by different rocks enable the location, depth and structure of the sea bed which contain sources if natural gas to be identified
29
solve problem involving reflected waves
sa
30
what does refraction of waves mean
the change in direction if propagation of waves caused by the change in the velocity of waves when the waves propagate from one medium to another
31
what influence speed of water waves
depth of water
32
what influence speed of sound waves
density of air
33
what influence speed of light wave
optical density if medium
34
what happens to the angle of incidence and angle of refraction when waves move from deep water region to shallow water region
angle of incidence > angle of refraction
35
what happens to the angle of incidence and angle of refraction when waves move from shallow water region to deep water region
angle of incidence < angle refraction
36
what happens to the wavelength when waves move from deep water region to shallow water region
decreasing
37
what happens to the wavelength when waves move from shallow water to deep water region
increasing
38
what happens to the frequency when waves move from deep water region to shallow water region
no change
39
what happens to the frequency when waves move from shallow water region to deep water region
no change
40
what happens to the wave speed when waves move from deep water region to shallow water region
decreasing
41
what happens to the wave speed when waves move from shallow water region to deep water region
increasing
42
what happens to the direction if propagation when waves move from deep water region to shallow water region
reflected towards the normal
43
what happens to the direction of propagation when waves move from deep water region to shallow water region
reflected away from the normal
44
try to draw the diagram for the refraction of plane water waves
aa
45
why cant an observer hear clearly during daytime
air that is closer to the surface of the earth is hotter than the air above sound moves faster in hot air than in cold air. as such, sound reflected away from the ground thus, an observer cant hear clearly during the day
46
why can an observer hear more clearly during the night
during the night, air that is closer to the surface of the earth is colder. Sound is refracted towards the ground.
47
why the amplitude of waves at bay is smaller that at the cape
the cape is the shallow water region while the bay is the deep water region. Away from the shoreline, the wavefront of the water is almost straight and parallel because water waves move at a uniform speed. when the wavefront of the water propagates to the cape, the speed of the water waves decreases causing the wavelength to be shorter. Wavefront of water approaching the bay moves at a higher speed and the wavelength is longer. This causes the wavefront to curve and follow the shape of the shoreline. refraction of water waves causes water wave energy to converge towards the cape. Water wave energy diverges from the bay and spread out to a wider region. Thus, the amplitude of waves at bay is smaller than at the cape.
48
what is refraction of waves caused by
the change is speed of waves
49
what is the formula of speed of wave
v= f lambda
50
what is the formula for deep and shallow region for refraction of waves
v/lambda = v/lambda
51
what does diffraction of waves mean
is the spreading of waves when the waves propagate through a slit or side of a barrier.
52
what changes to the wave will occur when diffraction occur
amplitude, direction of propagation
53
what happens to the amplitude when diffraction of waves occur
decreased, wave energy diverges and spread out to a wider region
54
what happens to the direction of propagation when diffraction of waves occur
from one direction to many, wavefront spreads
55
draw the pattern of diffraction for wide slit
aa
56
draw the pattern of diffraction for narrow slit
aa
57
draw the pattern of diffraction for short wavelength
aa
58
draw the pattern of diffraction for long wavelength
aa
59
what is diffraction of waves influenced by?
size of slit and wavelength
60
give 3 examples for the diffraction of waves in daily life
water waves, diffraction of water waves produces calm of water regions suitable for docking of ships and water recreational activities. light waves, holograms produced by effects of diffraction of light are used as safety features on bank cards such as debit cards and credit cards. sound waves infrasonic waves produced by elephants have long wavelength to facilitate ling distance communication between elephants
61
what is the meaning of interference of waves
is the superposition of two or more waves from a coherent source of waves
62
how are two waves coherent
when the frequency of both waves is the same and the phase difference is constant.
63
what does superposition of waves produces
constructive interference | destructive interference
64
how does constructive interference occurs
when two crests are in superposition when two troughs are in superposition
65
how does destructive interference occur
when a crest and a trough are in superposition to produce zero combined displacement
66
how do you identify constructive interference in ripple tank
bright and dark area
67
how do you identify destructive interference in ripple tank
grey area
68
how do you identify constructive and destructive interference in interference of light waves
constructive interference produce bright fringe while destructive interference produce dark fringe
69
how do you identify constructive and destructive interference in interference of sound waves
loud sound = constructive interference | soft sound = destructive interference
70
identify destructive and constructive interference from sketch
aaa
71
what is the formula for interference of waves
lambda = ax/D
72
give 3 examples for applications of interference of waves in daily life
bulbous bow coating on the surface of anti-reflection lens microphone and transmitter system
73
HISTORY OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES | what did thomas young discovered in 1801
light is a wave through experiments on interference of light
74
HISTORY OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES | what did james maxwell discovered in 1862
put forth the theory that light is an electromagnetic wave.
75
HISTORY OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES | what did heinrich hertz discovered in 1887
generated a different kind of electromagnetic wave, that is radio wave
76
HISTORY OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES | what did is the discovered in early 20th century
electromagnetic waves are made up of: 1. gamma ray 2. x-ray 3. ultraviolet ray 4. visible light 5. infrared ray 6. microwave 7. radiowave
77
what are electromagnetic waves made up of
electric field and magnetic field that oscillate perpendicularly to one another
78
draw the electromagnetic spectrum that shows the frequency and wavelength of rays
aaa
79
how is radio wave used
long distance radio communication local radio and tv broadcasting wireless communication millimetre-wave machine to scan body of passengers at airport
80
how is microwave wave used
international communication through use of satellite mobile phone framework communication between electronic devices: wifi, bluetooth, detection of plane radar and speed trap cooking
81
how is infrared ray used
enable living things to see photography photosynthesis in green plants laser light used in cutting of metal, measurement of land and sending of information through optical fibres.
82
how is ultraviolet ray used
harden tooth filling material determines authenticity of currency notes treatment of jaundice in babies purification of drinking water sterilising surgical instruments and food insect traps
83
how is x-ray used
detects fractures or broken bones and examines internal organs checking of welding connections baggage scanning at airport determine authenticity of paintings
84
how is gamma ray used
kills cancer cells in radiotherapy sterilisation of surgical and medical equipment is bulk used in food processing industry so that food can last longer

Physics (2 decks)

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