Waves Flashcards
(78 cards)
1
Q
waves transfer
A
energy from place to place with transferring matter
2
Q
waves can be
A
reflected, refracted and defracted
3
Q
wavelength definition
A
the distance from a point on the wave to the equivalent point on the adjacent wave
4
Q
peak definition
A
top of the wave
5
Q
amplitude definition
A
the maximum displacement of a point on the wave from its undisturbed position
6
Q
trough definition
A
bottom of the wave
7
Q
frequency definition
A
the number of waves passing a fixed point every second
8
Q
time period definition
A
the time taken for each wave to pass a fixed point
9
Q
wave speed definition
A
the distance travelled by each wave every second through a medium
10
Q
wave speed equation
A
frequency x wavelength
11
Q
speed equation
A
distance / time taken
12
Q
reflection definition
A
the change of direction of a light ray when it passes across a boundary between two transparent substances
13
Q
refraction definition
A
the change of direction of a light ray when it passes across a boundary between two transparent substances
14
Q
wavelets move
A
forward together to recreate the wavefront that created them
15
Q
what is the speed of light
A
3 x 10 to the power of 3 m/s
16
Q
angle of incidence and angle of reflection
A
angle of incidence = angle of reflection
17
Q
angle of incidence and angle of refraction across air and glass
A
opposite angles
18
Q
space is
A
a vacuum meaning no sound
19
Q
auditory nerve
A
sends electrical signals to the brain
20
Q
ossicles
A
three small bones (hammer, anvil and stirrup)
21
Q
eat drum
A
a sheet of muscle and skin
22
Q
ear canal
A
eat passage with wax and hair
23
Q
pinna
A
the ear flap
24
Q
semi-circular canals
A
helps to balance
25
cochlea
coverts vibrations into electrical signals
26
ultrasound
sound that has a frequency above the range of human hearing
27
infrasound
sound with a frequency below the range of human hearing
28
range of human hearing
20hz - 20khz
29
waves are sent
toward the foetus
30
technology works out
the distance between where the wave was set off from to where it hit the foetus
31
3 things that can happen when a wave hits a boundary
reflect
transmit (refract if at an angle and speed change)
absorbed
32
transducer
create an ultrasound wave
33
ultrasound will travel
through the body and will partially reflect at a boundary between tissues
34
some of the wave will
transmit into the next layer of tissue
35
transducer detects
reflections as a pulse
36
distance equation
speed x time
37
p waves
longitudinal wave
‘push-pull’ effect on building causing ‘up-down’ moment
travel through solid + liquid
primary ‘first’ wave
38
s waves
transverse waves
‘side to side’ effect on building causing ‘left to right’ movement
only travel through solid
seismic ‘second’ wave
39
dark colour are the
best emitters of radiation
40
matte surface is the
best emitter if radiation
41
colour spectrum
red
orange
yellow
green
blue
indigo
violet
42
speculate reflection
smooth surfaces
43
difficult reflection
rough surfaces
44
waves for detection and exploration
high frequency sound waves can be used to detect objects in deep water and measure water depth
45
electromagnetic waves
transverse waves with a wide range of properties and uses
46
infra-red radiation
a part of electromagnetic spectrum
47
uses of electromagnetic waves
redos waves - television and radio
microwave s- satellite communications and cooking food
infrared - electrical heaters, cooking food and infrared cameras
visible light - fibre optic communications
48
lenses
concave and convex lenses
49
visible light
the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum
50
black body radiation
name given to the thermal radiation emitted by all bodies (objects)
51
ripple tank required practical
measure and calculate frequency, wavelength and the speed of waves on the surface of the water
52
what is a longitudinal wave?
is parallel to the direction the wave travels
p-waves
sound waves, ultrasound waves
53
what is a transverse wave?
is perpendicular to the direction the wave travels
s-waves
radio waves, light waves
54
period equation
period = 1/frequency
55
what is a method used to measure the speed of sound waves in air
clap-echo method
This method involves measuring the time taken for you to hear an echo from a sharp clap. You stand a long distance from a wall, clap, and listen for the echo. The distance travelled is twice the distance from you to the wall (because the sound has to travel to the wall and back)
56
what is a method used to measure the speed of ripples on a water surface
ripple tank method
A ripple tank is a transparent shallow tray of water with a light shining down through it onto a white card below. The light allows you to see the motion of the ripples created on the water's surface more easily. Ripples can be made by hand but to generate regular ripples it is better to use a motor
57
how are sound waves formed
Sound waves are created by object vibrations and produce pressure waves, for example, a ringing cellphone. The pressure wave disturbs the particles in the surrounding medium, and those particles disturb others next to them, and so on
58
what are ultrasound waves and how are they used to determine how far away a boundary is?
sound waves
they pass through softer tissue but reflect denser tissue
59
what are seismic waves and how can they tell us about the earths structure?
seismic waves can only travel through solids so they can tell us that the earth has liquid layers
60
what is echo sounding?
high frequency sound waves used to detect objects in deep water or measure water depth
61
what are some common properties of electromagnetic waves?
all transverse waves
can travel through a vacuum
travel at exactly the same speed in vacuum (speed of light)
transfer energy from one place to another
can be reflected and refracted
62
what are all of the parts of the electromagnetic spectrum?
radio waves
micro waves
infra red
visible light
ultraviolet
x-rays
gamma rays
63
how do different substances absorb, transmit, refract or reflect electromagnetic waves?
64
how are radio waves sent and received?
transmitter radiates electromagnetic waves outwards via an antenna and a receiver picks up the waves and translates them into sounds that can be heard
65
how are gamma waves produced?
by charges in the nucleus of an atom
66
what are the dangers of ultraviolet, x-rays and gamma?
ultraviolet = sunburn, premature aging, skin cancer
x-ray = cancer many years or decades later
gamma = destroy living cells, produce gene mutations and cause cancer
67
what are the uses of each part of the electromagnetic spectrum?
radio = radio and television
microwaves = satellite communications and cooking food
infrared = electrical heaters, cooking food and infrared cameras
visible light = fibre optic communications
ultraviolet =energy efficient lamps, sun tanning
x-rays = medical imaging and treatment
gamma = medical imaging and treatments
68
how do convex lens produce an image?
causes rays of light to converge
69
how do concave lens produce an image?
causes rays of light to diverge
70
how do you calculate magnification and why does it have no units?
using a scaler bar
it has no units as it is a ratio of low lengths
71
what is the difference between specular and diffuse reflection?
specular = smooth surfaces like mirrors causes light rays to reflect at the same angle they hit the surface
diffuse = rougher surfaces scatter light rays in different directions
72
how do colour filters work?
when white light passes through a coloured filter, all colours are absorbed except for the colour of the filter
73
how does colour link to frequency and wavelength?
each colour has a different wavelength and frequency
74
why do objects appear to be a certain colour?
they absorb some colours and reflect or transmit other colours
75
what is a black body?
the spectrum of light emitted by any heated object e.g. heating of a toaster, filament of a light bulb
76
bodies emitting radiation
all bodies emit radiation and the intensity and wavelength distribution of any emission depends on the temperature of the body
77
the body temp and radiation
the body at a constant temp absorbs radiation at the same rate as it is emitting radiation. the temperature of a body increases when the body absorbs radiation faster than it emits
78
what factors affect the temperature of the earth?
as the earth internal energy increases the surface gets hotter
