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Physics paper 2 > Waves > Flashcards

Waves Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Give an example of a transverse wave:

A

ripples on the surface of the water –> kinetic energy

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2
Q

Give an example of a longitudinal wave:

A

sound waves travelling in the air –> sound energy

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3
Q

What do all waves transfer from one store to another?

A

energy

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4
Q

What is oscillation?

A

waves moving up and down

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5
Q

What are transverse waves?

A

oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer

the oscillation is up and down but the direction of energy is sideways.

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6
Q

What longitudinal waves?

A

oscillation are parallel to the direction of energy transfer

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7
Q

What do all longitudinal waves require?

A

require a medium to travel in

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8
Q

What is the amplitude of a wave?

A

the maximum displacement of a point away from it’s undisturbed position.

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9
Q

What is the wavelength?

A

Distance from a point on a wave to the same point on the next wave.

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10
Q

What is the frequency?

A

the number of waves that pass a point each second.

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11
Q

What is the period?

A

the time in seconds for one wave to pass a point?

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12
Q

What is the equation for calculating the period?

A

period (s) = 1 / frequency (Hz)

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13
Q

What is the unit of frequency?

A

Hz

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14
Q

What does 1Hz equal to?

A

1 wave per second

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15
Q

What is the wave speed?

A

the speed at which the wave travels through the medium

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16
Q

What is the wave equation?

A

wave speed = frequency x wavelength

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17
Q

What is the unit for wave speed?

A

m/s

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18
Q

What is the unit for frequency?

A

Hz

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19
Q

What is the unit for wavelength?

A

m

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20
Q

Write down the triangle for the wave equation:

A

V
f x wavelength

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21
Q

What type of waves are electromagnetic waves?

A

transverse

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22
Q

What do electromagnetic waves transfer?

A

energy from the source of the waves to an absorber.

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23
Q

State the light spectrum: (and there wavelength and frequency)

A

Red / orange / yellow / green / blue / indigo / violet

long wavelength/ low frequency
short wavelength / high
frequency short frequency

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24
Q

State the electromagnetic spectrum:

Study These Flashcards
A

radio / microwave / infrared / visible / UV / x-rays / gamma

25
What can electromagnetic waves travel in?
a vacuum
26
What is a ripple tank?
used to observe the features of water waves
27
What are we measuring for the ripple tank practical?
wave length / frequency and wave speed
28
What equipment is used?
lamp vibrating bar power pack white paper ripple tank
29
carry out the experiment: ripple tank:
1)Set up the ripple tank as and fill with water. 2) Adjust the height of the wooden rod so that it just touches the surface of the water. 3) Switch on the lamp and motor and adjust until low frequency waves can be clearly observed. 4) Measure the length of a number of waves then divide by the number of waves to record wavelength. It may be easier to take a photograph of the white paper with the ruler. 5)Count the number of waves passing a point in ten seconds then divide by ten to record frequency. 6) Calculate the speed of the waves using: wave speed = frequency × wavelength.
30
State a use for radio waves:
TV radio
31
Why are radio waves used?
they can travel long distances before being absorbed reflect off a layer of charged particles in the atmosphere
32
What is uses of microwaves?
heating food satellites
33
Why are microwaves used?
water molecules absorb the energy off the waves waves can pass through the atmosphere without being refracted or reflected
34
What is the uses of infrared?
electrical heaters cook food
35
Why is infrared used?
energy of infrared is easily absorbed by the surface of the objects
36
What is the uses for visible light?
communication using fibre optics
37
Why is visible light used?
has a short wavelength so carry a large amount of information
38
What is the uses of UV?
energy efficent lightbulbs sun beds
39
What are the uses of x ray and gamma rays?
medical imaging
40
When electromagnetic waves are generated or absorbed where do there changes take place in?
atoms or nuceli
41
What happens when we heat atoms?
cause electrons to move from one energy level to a higher one
42
What happens when it returns to it's original position?
generates an electromagnetic wave
43
Were can gamma rays be emitted?
from the nuceulus of radioactive atoms.
44
Once the atom has been emitted what happens to the energy?
has less energy from the start
45
How can radio waves be produced?
when they oscillate in electrical circuits. which are then absorbed in an arial. creates an alternating current with the same frequency of radiowaves.
46
What are we calculating in waves in a solid?
frequency / wavelength / wave speed in a string
47
Carry out the experiment of wave speed in a solid:
1) Attach a string to a vibration generator and use a hanging mass and pulley to pull the string taut. 2) Place a wooden bridge under the string near the pulley. 3) Switch on the vibration generator and adjust the wooden bridge until stationary waves can be clearly observed. 4) Measure the length of as many half wavelengths (loops), divide by the number of half wavelengths (loops). This is half the wavelength, doubling this gives the wavelength. 5) The frequency is the frequency of the power supply. 6) Calculate the speed of the waves using: wave speed = frequency × wavelength.
48
When waves change speed what can they do?
change direction from one medium to another.
49
If the a wave passes along a normal can they change direction?
no
50
What is a wave front?
an imaginary line that connects all the same points in a set of waves
51
How can waves change direction when they pass from one medium to another? (wavefront)
the first wavefronts move through the object they slow down causes those parts of the wavefronts to get closer together --> causes the wavelength to get smaller wave now changes direction towards the normal (refracting) when waves speed up they change direction away from the normal
52
How can waves stay in the same direction when they pass through the normal? (wavefront)
the whole wavefront slows down at the same time as they pass through the object therefore the waves do not change direction
53
What is the use of the Leslie's cube?
see how much infrared is emitted from different surfaces
54
What are the different colours of the Leslie's cube?
shiny metallic / white / shiny black / matt black
55
Describe the experiment of testing for infrared:
1) fill the Leslie cube with hot water 2) point the infrared detector at each four surfaces 3) record the amount of infrared emitted
56
From most to least: write down which colours emitt the most infrared emission:
matt black / shiny black / white / shiny metallic
57
If you do not have a infrared detector what can you use?
a thermometer with it's bulb painted black
58
What is the con of the thermometer?
may not be able to see a large difference between the surfaces
59
Describe the experiment to calculate the absorbance of different surfaces:
1) place an infrared heater in the middle of a metal plate with a shiny metallic surface and another metal plate with a matt black surface 2) stick a drawing pin with vaseline on each plate 3) switch on the heater and start timing 4) temp of the plates increases as they absorb infrared 5) record the time for the vasaleine to melt and the pins to fall off 6) the pin will fall of the matt black plate first as it absorbs more infrared then the metallic plate

Physics paper 2 (3 decks)

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