Waves Details

Question 1

Do waves transfer energy?

Answer 1

Yes

Question 2

Do waves transfer matter?

Answer 2

No

Question 3

Wavefronts can be considered as…

Answer 3

-The peak of a transverse wave
-The compression of a longitudinal wave

Question 4

The to-and-fro movements of waves are called…

Answer 4

oscillations

Question 5

In transverse waves, the oscillations are…

Answer 5

at right angles to the direction of travel

Question 6

Components of a longitudinal wave

Answer 6

-Compressions
-Rarefactions

Question 7

In longitudinal waves, the oscillations are…

Answer 7

parallel to the direction of travel

Question 8

Examples of transverse waves

Answer 8

-Electromagnetic waves
-Water waves
-Seismic S waves(secondary)

Question 9

Examples of longitudinal waves

Answer 9

-Sound waves
-Seismic P waves(primary)

Question 10

Waves can undergo…

Answer 10

-Reflection(at a plane surface)
-Refraction(due to a change in speed)
-Diffraction(through a narrow gap)

Question 11

(In terms of diffraction)Wider gaps produce…

Answer 11

less diffraction

Question 12

(In terms of diffraction)Longer wavelengths produce…

Answer 12

more diffraction

Question 13

Features of sound waves

Answer 13

-Are caused by vibrations
-Are longitudinal waves
-Need a material(medium) to travel through
-Can travel through solids, liquids and gases
-Can be reflected, refracted and diffracted

Question 14

Speed of sound waves in states of matter(in descending order)

Answer 14

-Solids(travel the fastest in)
-Liquids
-Gases(travel the slowest in)

Question 15

SI unit of frequency

Answer 15

Hertz(Hz)

Question 16

Features of the speed of sound

Answer 16

-Depends on the temperature of the air(increases in hot air)
-Does not depend on the pressure of the air
-Is different through different materials

Question 17

Speed of sound

Answer 17

330m/s - 350m/s(approx.)

Question 18

Approximate range of frequencies audible to humans

Answer 18

20Hz - 20,000Hz

Question 19

(In terms of sound)The higher the frequency…

Answer 19

the higher the pitch of the sound

Question 20

(In terms of sound)The longer the amplitude…

Answer 20

the louder the sound will be

Question 21

Uses of ultrasound

Answer 21

-Echo-sounders(send ultrasound pulses downward into the sea to measure distance)
-Scanning wombs
-Cleaning delicate machinery
-Metal testing

Question 22

Features of light

Answer 22

-Is a form of radiation
-Travels in straight lines
-Transfers energy
-Travels as waves
-Can travel through a vacuum
-The fastest thing in the universe

Question 23

The laws of reflection

Answer 23

-The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
-The incident ray, reflected ray and normal all lie in the same plane

Question 24

Rules for image size and position

Answer 24

-The image is the same size as the object
-The image is as far behind the mirror as the object is in front

Question 25

(In terms of bending effect)the higher the refractive index of a medium...

Answer 25

the greater the bending effect(as it slows down light more)

Question 26

Use of optical fibres

Answer 26

Signal carrier in telephone systems

Question 27

Types of lenses

Answer 27

-Convex(convergeng) lens -Concave(diverging) lens

Question 28

Potential characteristics of an image

Answer 28

-Enlarged/Same size/Diminished -Upright/Inverted -Real/Virtual

Question 29

How virtual images are formed

Answer 29

Diverging rays being extrapolated backwards

Question 30

Traditional seven colours of the visible spectrum(in order of frequency and wavelength)

Answer 30

-Red(longest wavelength/lowest frequency) -Orange -Yellow -Green -Blue -Indigo -Violet(shortest wavelength/highest frequency)

Question 31

Speed of light(in a vacuum)

Answer 31

300,000km/s

Question 32

Speed of electromagnetic waves(in a vacuum)

Answer 32

300,000km/s

Question 33

Light waves belong to a family of...

Answer 33

electromagnetic waves

Question 34

Features of electromagnetic waves

Answer 34

-Can travel through a vacuum -Are transverse waves -Transfer energy

Question 35

Electromagnetic waves all travel at the same speed in a vacuum(T/F)

Answer 35

True

Question 36

Electromagnetic spectrum(in order of frequency and wavelength)

Answer 36

-radio waves(lowest frequency/longest wavelength) -infrared rays -light rays -ultraviolet rays -X-rays -gamma rays(highest frequency/shortest wavelength)

Question 37

radio waves(in order of frequency and wavelength)

Answer 37

-long wave(lowest frequency/longest wavelength) -medium wave -short wave -VHF -UHF -microwaves(highest frequency/shortest wavelength)

Question 38

Uses of long waves

Answer 38

long distance AM radio

Question 39

Uses of medium waves

Answer 39

local AM radio

Question 40

Uses of short waves

Answer 40

amateur radio

Question 41

Uses of VHF

Answer 41

FM radio

Question 42

Uses of UHF

Answer 42

TV broadcasts

Question 43

Uses of microwaves

Answer 43

-Mobile phones -Microwave ovens(heating effect) -Satellite television -Wi-Fi

Question 44

Uses of infrared rays

Answer 44

-Electric grills -Intruder alarms -Thermal imaging -Optical fibres -TV remote controllers

Question 45

Uses of light rays

Answer 45

-Vision -Photography -Illumination

Question 46

Uses of ultraviolet rays

Answer 46

-Killing bacteria -Sterilising water -Security marking -Detecting fake bank notes

Question 47

Uses of X-rays

Answer 47

-X-ray photography(medical scanning) -Security scanners

Question 48

Uses of gamma rays

Answer 48

-Sterilising food and medical equipment -Detecting and treating cancer -Medical scanning

Question 49

Harmful effects of excessive exposure to microwaves

Answer 49

Internal heating of body cells

Question 50

Harmful effects of excessive exposure to infrared rays

Answer 50

Skin burns

Question 51

Harmful effects of excessive exposure to ultraviolet rays

Answer 51

Damage to surface cells and eyes(leading to skin cancer and eye conditions)

Question 52

Harmful effects of excessive exposure to X-rays and gamma rays

Answer 52

Mutation or damage to cells in the body

Question 53

A sound can be transmitted as a...

Answer 53

-digital signal -analogue signal

Question 54

Features of analogue signals

Answer 54

-Varies continuously in both amplitude and frequency -Signal can take one of many different values

Question 55

Features of digital signals

Answer 55

-A series of pulses(of either 1s or 0s) -Signal can only take 2 values(either a 1 or a 0)

Question 56

Benefits of digital signalling

Answer 56

-Increased rate of transmission of data -Increased range(due to accurate signal regeneration)