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physics grade10 > waves,sound and light > Flashcards

waves,sound and light Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a wave?

A

A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy through space or matter.

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2
Q

What are the two main types of waves?

A

Mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves.

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3
Q

True or False: Sound is an example of a mechanical wave.

A

True.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: Waves can be classified as ______ or ______.

A

transverse; longitudinal.

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5
Q

What is the primary medium through which sound waves travel?

A

Air.

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6
Q

What is the frequency of a wave?

A

The number of cycles of a wave that pass a point in one second.

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7
Q

What is the unit of frequency?

A

Hertz (Hz).

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8
Q

True or False: Higher frequency waves have shorter wavelengths.

A

True.

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9
Q

What is wavelength?

A

The distance between successive crests or troughs of a wave.

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10
Q

What is amplitude?

A

The maximum displacement of points on a wave from its rest position.

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: The speed of sound in air at room temperature is approximately ______ meters per second.

A

343.

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12
Q

What is the Doppler effect?

A

The change in frequency or wavelength of a wave in relation to an observer moving relative to the wave source.

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13
Q

What are electromagnetic waves?

A

Waves that can travel through a vacuum and do not require a medium.

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14
Q

True or False: Light is an electromagnetic wave.

A

True.

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15
Q

What is the speed of light in a vacuum?

A

Approximately 299,792 kilometers per second (km/s).

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16
Q

What is refraction?

A

The bending of a wave as it passes from one medium to another due to a change in speed.

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17
Q

Fill in the blank: The angle of incidence equals the angle of ______.

A

refraction.

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18
Q

What is total internal reflection?

A

The complete reflection of a wave back into its original medium when it hits the boundary at an angle greater than the critical angle.

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19
Q

What is sound intensity?

A

The power per unit area carried by a sound wave.

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20
Q

What is the unit of sound intensity?

A

Decibel (dB).

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21
Q

True or False: Infrasound refers to sound frequencies below 20 Hz.

A

True.

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22
Q

What is ultrasound?

A

Sound waves with frequencies above 20 kHz.

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23
Q

What is resonance?

A

The phenomenon where a system vibrates at maximum amplitude at specific frequencies.

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24
Q

Fill in the blank: The speed of a wave is equal to its frequency multiplied by its ______.

A

wavelength.

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25
What is a standing wave?
A wave that remains in a constant position, formed by the interference of two waves traveling in opposite directions.
26
What is the principle of superposition?
When two or more waves overlap, the resulting wave is the sum of the individual waves.
27
What are the two main types of interference?
Constructive interference and destructive interference.
28
True or False: Constructive interference occurs when waves combine to make a larger amplitude.
True.
29
What is destructive interference?
When two waves combine to produce a smaller amplitude or cancel each other out.
30
What is the electromagnetic spectrum?
The range of all types of electromagnetic radiation, from radio waves to gamma rays.
31
List the types of electromagnetic waves in order of increasing frequency.
Radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays.
32
What is visible light?
The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye.
33
True or False: The color of light is determined by its wavelength.
True.
34
What is the range of visible light wavelengths?
Approximately 400 to 700 nanometers (nm).
35
What is a photon?
A particle representing a quantum of light or other electromagnetic radiation.
36
What is the photoelectric effect?
The emission of electrons from a material when it absorbs light.
37
What is diffraction?
The bending of waves around obstacles and openings.
38
Fill in the blank: The ______ of a wave is the height of the wave crest or depth of the trough.
amplitude.
39
What is wave-particle duality?
The concept that light and matter exhibit properties of both waves and particles.
40
What is a medium?
The substance through which a wave travels.
41
True or False: Sound can travel through a vacuum.
False.
42
What is the critical angle?
The angle of incidence above which total internal reflection occurs.
43
What is a wavefront?
A surface over which an oscillation has a constant phase.
44
Fill in the blank: The ______ of a wave is its speed multiplied by its period.
wavelength.
45
What is a transverse wave?
A wave in which the oscillation is perpendicular to the direction of the wave's advance.
46
What is a longitudinal wave?
A wave in which the oscillation is in the same direction as the wave's advance.
47
What is sound pressure level?
A measure of the pressure of a sound relative to a reference level.
48
What is the reference level for sound pressure in decibels?
20 micropascals.
49
True or False: Light can be polarized.
True.
50
What is polarization?
The orientation of the oscillations of a wave in a particular direction.
51
What is the period of a wave?
The time it takes for one complete cycle of the wave to pass a point.
52
What is the formula for wave speed?
Wave speed = frequency × wavelength.
53
What is the relationship between frequency and wavelength?
They are inversely related; as frequency increases, wavelength decreases.
54
What is an echo?
A reflection of sound that arrives at the listener after a delay.
55
What is sound reflection?
The bouncing back of sound waves when they hit a surface.
56
What does an oscilloscope measure?
It measures and displays the waveform of electrical signals.
57
What is the range of human hearing?
Approximately 20 Hz to 20 kHz.
58
What is the principle of conservation of energy in wave interactions?
Energy is neither created nor destroyed; it is transferred or transformed.
59
What is an acoustic wave?
A wave that travels through air, water, or solid materials and carries sound.
60
What is the difference between noise and music?
Noise is a random mixture of sound frequencies, while music is organized sound with a structure.
61
What is the purpose of a sound barrier?
To reduce the transmission of sound between spaces.
62
What is the speed of sound in water?
Approximately 1482 meters per second.
63
Fill in the blank: The ______ of a wave determines its loudness.
amplitude.
64
What is the relationship between sound frequency and pitch?
Higher frequency corresponds to higher pitch.
65
What is the role of the ear in hearing?
It converts sound waves into electrical signals that are interpreted by the brain.
66
What is a sound wave's compression?
The region where particles are close together in a longitudinal wave.
67
What is a sound wave's rarefaction?
The region where particles are spread apart in a longitudinal wave.
68
True or False: The human ear can detect all frequencies of sound equally well.
False.
69
What is a sound frequency spectrum?
A representation of the different frequencies present in a sound.
70
What is the principle behind sonar technology?
Using sound propagation to navigate, communicate, or detect objects underwater.

physics grade10 (4 decks)

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