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Hematology > WBC > Flashcards

WBC Flashcards

1
Q

What do WBC (leukocytes) do?

A

seek and destroy invading microorganisms, destroy abnormal cells (cancer), clean up cellular debris (phagocytosis), injury repair

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2
Q

What types of cells originate from myeloid stem cells?

A

platelets, RBC, granulocytes (eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils), monocytes (macrophages)

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3
Q

what type of blood cells don’t use GM-CSF the maturation process?

A

lymphocytes (B and T cells)

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4
Q

what type of cell production does CSF-G stimulate?

A

neutrophils

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5
Q

What are some nuclear altered cell morphologies?

A

Pelger-Huet, hypersegmentation

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6
Q

What are some cytoplasmic altered morpholigies you would see with a severe bacterial infection?

A

toxic granulation, vacuolization, Dohle bodies, Necrobiosis

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7
Q

Normal WBC count?

A

4,000-12,000/uL

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8
Q

What are the relative concentrations of the different leukocytes?

A 
segmented neutrophils (PMNs)-50-70%
bands 0-5%
lymphocytes 20-40%
monocytes 0-7%
eosinophils 0-5%
basophils 0.5%
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9
Q

Hypersegmentation

A

abnormally increased nuclear lobulation, one of the first signs of megaloblastic anemia

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10
Q

Hyposegmentation

A

neutrophils with less than 3 lobes, nucleus may be round, peanut-shaped, band shaped, or bi-lobed

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11
Q

Toxic granulation

A

found in severe inflammatory states (sepsis)

The toxic granulation is thought to be due to impaired cytoplasmic maturation,in the effort to rapidly generate large numbers of granulocytes

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12
Q

Vacuolization

A

state of being filled with vacuoles, diagnostic for septicemia (multiplication of microorganisms in the blood.

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13
Q

What are the 5 main types of WBC’s

A 
lymphocyte (B and T cells)
Monocyte (macrophage   nom nom nom)
Eosinophil
Basophil
Neutrophil
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14
Q

What are causes of acquired WBC functional disorders?

A

steroids, aspirin, alcohol, diabetes

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15
Q

Neutrophils

A

50-70% most abundant wbc, important in inflammatory response, phagocytes that engulf bacteria and debris

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16
Q

What is a left shift?

A

increased number of immature neutrophils (bands)

seen with acute inflammation

17
Q

What is a Dohle body and what causes them?

A

a light blue staining area in the cytoplasm of a neutrophil, they are rough ER containing RNA, may represent local imature cytoplasm, found in infections, burns and following chemotherapy, myeloproliferative disorders, pregnancy

18
Q

What can cause neutrophilia?

A

extreme emotions, physical stimuli( cold, heat, exercise, pain menstruation, ovulation, labor, pregnancy, trauma, nausea, vomiting, smoking) infections/inflammation

19
Q

Neutropenia causes?

A

common in african and middle eastern populations,

BM ablative therapy, viral infections, Neoplasm, megaloblastic and aplastic anemias

20
Q

Lymphocytosis % of lymphocytes and cause

A

60-80% T cells, 10-20% bcells, 5-10NK. viral-mononucleosis, CM. Bacterial-bordatella pertussis
Meds-Dilantin. leukemias, lymphomas

21
Q

What are causes of decreased lymphocyte production?

A

sever combined immunodeficiency (SCID). protein-calorie malnutrition. Zinc deficiency

22
Q

What are increased destruction of lymphocytes caused by?

A

HIV. Radiation therapy. Chemotherapy. SLE

23
Q

Causes of monocytosis?

A

leukemia, lymphoma. Infections-TB, SBE. FUO. GI disorders. Collagen vascular disorders

24
Q

What causes eosinophilia?

A

allergic rhinitis and asthma. Parasitic infections. TB. eczema and psoriasis. Neoplasms. Autoimmune disorders

25
Q

Basophilia causes?

A

CML (chronic myelogenous leukemia), allergies, inflammatory disorders, irradiation, viral infections, polycythemia vera

26
Q

normal absolute leukocyte numbers

A

neutrophils 1500-8000/uL. lymphocytes 1000-4000. monocytes 200-800. eosinophils 0-450. basophils 0-100

27
Q

What are very immature forms of neutrophils caused by a leukemoid reaction?

A

metamyelocytes, myelocytes

28
Q

What is seen in a viral infection?

A

neutropenia and lymphocytosis

Hematology (16 decks)

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