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Hematology 430 > WBC > Flashcards

WBC Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

Pelger-Huet anomaly morphology

A

Look: Decrease nuclear segmentation, Bilobed forms
coarse chromatin, Round nuclei
Gene: Lamin-beta-receptor gene

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2
Q

Alder-Reilly anomally

A

Look: Granules with large, dark staining —> Incomplete degration of lipids
Mutation at: a-L-iduronodase

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3
Q

Chediak-Higashi syndrom

A

Look: Abnormal fusion of granules, giant lysosomal granules
Caused by: Lysosomal traffic regulation protein defect.
Affect: Decrease phagocytosis, Increase infection
Gene: CHS1 LYST gene

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4
Q

May-Hegglin anomaly

A

Look: Large Dohle body-like inclusion.
Caused by: Precipitated myosin heavy chain
Affect: Megakaryocyte maturation
Gene: MYH9

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5
Q

Chronic granulomatous disease

A

Look: normal
Caused by: Decrease ability to produce superoxide, reactive oxygen
Affect: Increase bacterial, fungal infection
Mutation: NADPH oxidase complex: X-link, autosomal recessive

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6
Q

Gaucher disease

A

Look: normal or Crinkled paper
Caused by: Accumulation of unmetabolized sphingolipid
Affect: Increase serum phosphatase, thrombocytopenia, Anemia
Mutation: beta- glucocerebrosidase

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7
Q

During exercise/adrenaline, which pool has more neutrophils?

A

Circulation

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8
Q

During infection/endotoxin/steroids, which pools has more Neutrophils?

A

Marginated pool

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9
Q

What hormone stimulate PMN from BM to PB?

A

G-CSF

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10
Q

A function of secretory granules of PMN?

A

Strengthen PMN

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11
Q

Function and examples of tertiary granules?

A

Movement through collagen

Activate IL-8 for recruits other PMN.

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12
Q

Function of Neutrophils

A

Fastest response to bacteria

  • Release lysozymes
  • Release defensin protein (~ antibiotic and poke a hole)
  • Release strong oxidants
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13
Q

Function of myeloperoxidase in PMN?

A

NADH in phagosomal —> Hypochlorite

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14
Q

What enzyme convert reactive oxygens to hypochlorite

A

Myeloperoxidase

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15
Q

What forms bactericidal molecules

A

Primary and secondary granules

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16
Q

Function of primary and secondary granules

A

Fuse to membrane and release to act as chemotactic agents:

  • attract macrophage
  • attract other PMN
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17
Q

Side effect of a fusion of 1st and 2nd granules

A

damage tissue

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18
Q

Cytokines of Eosinophils

A

GM-CSF, IL3, IL5

Transcription factor: GATA-1

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19
Q

Eosinophils degranulationa

A

Classical exocytosis
Compound exocytosis
Piecemeal degranulation
Cytolysis

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20
Q

Function of Eosinophils

A

Control helminth infection through:
MBP
Cationic proteins
Reactive oxygen species

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21
Q

Function of basophils in immunity

A

IgE synthesis induction
Allergic inflammation
Regulate Th2
Parasite infection

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22
Q

Function of Basophils in blood vessel

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A

Angiogenesis

through VEGF

23
Q

Mast cell

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A

12-25 um, elliptical shape
Chromatin condense
N:C = 1:5
No nucleoli, division

24
Q

Life span of Mast cell

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A

MCP in BM and spleen
Precursor in PB and then move to tissue
Prominent in lung and intestine

25
Function of Mast cell
Allergic reaction effector cell Inflammatory reaction APC Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive
26
Monocyte function
``` TLR trigger phagocytes Synthesis NO to kill organism Fc & complement recceptor — APC — Pick up debris and recycle RBC — Synthesis proteins Aid EPO ```
27
Two type of DC
1. Conventional: secrete IL-12, found on skin/mucosal, migrate to lymp 2. Plasmacytoid: secrete IFN, found on lymphoid tissue
28
Lymphocytes
``` 8-15um Nu: oval, perinuclear zone Chromatin: coarse N:C = 2:1 (or 1:1) Cytoplasm: darkly basophilic, no granules ```
29
Incidence of B cells and T cells
BM: 0.2-2.8% B cells PB: Rare B cells, mostly T cells
30
Pelger-Huet anomaly - gene affected
Autosomal | Mutation in Lamin-b- receptor gene
31
How many PMN get affected in Pelger-Huet Anomaly
Homo: all Hete: 55-93% neutrophils
32
How many PMN get affected in pseudo PHA
Less than 38%
33
How much BM accounts for body weight?
3.4% - 5.9%
34
what cells in yellow marrow
Adipocytes
35
Function of Red marrow
Primary source of hematopoiesis | Produce 6 bil Blood cells/kg/day
36
Cytopenia
Decrease of cells
37
Cytosis
Increase of cells
38
Normal range of MCV
80-100 fL
39
Ref. range of MCH
26-32 pg
40
Ref. range of MCHC
32-36 g/dL
41
Rules of Three
Hgb x 3 = HCT +/- 3
42
Preparation for BM sample collection
CBC and differential < 24 hrs | Fasting at least 6 hrs
43
BM specimen collection site
Posterior super iliac crest | 2nd favorite is Sternum
44
BM Aspirate for making smear
Wright stain: morphology, differential, M:E ration | Prussian blue: Iron study
45
BM Aspirate for tube collection
1. EDTA: flow cytometry, molecular 2. Heparin: cytogenetics 3. Culture 4. 10% formalin: histologic examination
46
Advantage of BM Aspirate
Make smear immediately Easy stained M:E ration calculating
47
Disadvantage of BM Aspirate
Small sample Dry taps Cellularity estimate is not correct (100% - the pt’s age)
48
Dry tap?
Fibrotic, acellular, or packed with leukemic cells marrow | —> Collect BM biopsy if dry tap
49
BM core biopsy
Cylindrical core of tissue
50
BM core biopsy standard:
Length: 1.5 cm | Fit in 10% formalin for histologic examination
51
Prepare BM biopsy if dry tap
1. Make touch prep slides | 2. Cut into 3 pieces: 1 in 10% formalin, 2 in RPMI medium
52
advantage of BM biopsy
No dry tap Good for cellularity Minimal sampling error
53
Disadvantage of BM’s biopsy
Loss morphological features Complicated process Hard to stain (too thick)
54
Hematoxylyn and eosin stain
Standard dye for core biopsy | Evaluate cellularity and hematopoietic cell distribution

Hematology 430 (3 decks)

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