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Hematology > WBC Abnormalities/ Anomalies & WBC Lab Evaluation > Flashcards

WBC Abnormalities/ Anomalies & WBC Lab Evaluation Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

Pancytopenia

A

severe decrease in all of the blood cells in the PB

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2
Q

Panhypercellular

A

increase in all of the blood cells in the PB

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3
Q

Leukocytosis

A

Increase in the total WBC count

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4
Q

Leukopenia

A

Decrease in the total WBC count

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5
Q

Granulocytopenia

A

Decrease in the # of granulocytes

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6
Q

Granulocytosis

A

Increase in granulocytes

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7
Q

Neutrophilia

A

Increase in # of neutrophils

most common cause is bacterial infections

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8
Q

Neutropenia

A

Decrease in # of neutrophils

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9
Q

Eosinophilia

A

increase in # of eosinophils

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10
Q

Eosinopenia

A

Decrease in # of eosinophils

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11
Q

Basophilia

A

Increase in # of basophils

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12
Q

Basopenia

A

Decrease in # of basophils

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13
Q

Lymphocytosis

A

Increase in # of lymphocytes

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14
Q

Lymphocytopenia

A

Decrease in # of lymphocytes

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15
Q

monocytosis

A

increase in the # of monocytes

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16
Q

Monoctyopenia

A

Decrease in the # of monocytes

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17
Q

Reactive Neutrophilia

A

occurs as a reaction to a physiologic/pathologic process

can be immediate, acute or chronic

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18
Q

Immediate Neutrophilia

A

seen in active exercise, epinephrine, anesthesia, anxiety
lasts 20-30 minutes
independent of BM input

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19
Q

Acute Neutrophilia

A

occurs within 4-5 hours of stimulus- bacterial infection/toxin
increase flow of segs from BM storage to PB

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20
Q

Chronic Neutrophilia

A

follows acute if stimulus persists

increase production in mitotic pool

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21
Q

Leukomoid Reaction

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A

extreme neutrophilic reactions
too high WBC count for a bacterial infection
>50x10^9
left shift! (immature leukocytes circulating)
may resemble CML

22
Q

Hypersegmentation of Neutrophils

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A

neutrophil with 6+ lobes
seen in:
megaloblastic anemias & chronic infections

23
Q

Hyposegmentation of Neutrophils

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A

neutrophil with 2 or fewer lobes
‘peanut’ or ‘dumbbell’ shaped
seen in:
Pelger-Huet (genetic anomaly: cells function normally)

24
Q

Pyknotic (Pyknosis)

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A 
dying neutrophils
related to apoptosis
seen in: 
infections
artifact
malignancies
25
Toxic Granulation
Large, dark granules in the cytoplasm of neutrophils composed of primary granules seen in: bacterial infections, inflammatory conditions, burns, cancer, toxic drugs Toxic granulation, Dohle bodies and cytoplasmic vacuoles are frequently seen together
26
Dohle Bodies
pale blue, round, oval, or rod shaped inclusions in the cytoplasm of neutrophils & eosinophils VERY HARD TO SEE composed of ribosomal RNA seen in: bacterial infections, burns, cancer, toxic drugs, May-Hegglin anomaly
27
Vacuolization/ cytoplasmic vacuoles
bubbles/ open areas within the cytoplasm seen in: bacterial infections, burns, cancer, toxic drugs, inflammation evidence of phagocytic activity
28
Auer Rods
red-purple small rods found within the cytoplasm of BLAST cells composed of fused primary granules
29
Degranulation of Neutrophils
'hypogranulation' absence of granules seen in: infections, myelodysplastic syndrome, myeloproliferative neoplasms
30
Alder-Rielly Anomaly
purple/red granules seen in all leukocytes Very pronounced granulation easily confused with toxic granulation blood cells function normally
31
Chediak-Higashi syndrome
Very large bluish granules appear in neutrophils & lymphocytes composed of fused primary & secondary granules cells do not function normally (do not kill microbes) death usually occurs in infancy or childhood hypopigmentation of skin, silvery hair, photophobia
32
May-Hegglin anomaly
Dohle-like inclusions in mature WBCs composed of RNA usually larger & more round in shape than Dohle bodies cells function normally
33
Myeloperoxidase Deficiency
defective microbicidal activity benign hereditary disorder slower killing of microbes no clinical consequence
34
Reactive Eosinophilia
infections with helminthic parasites | allergic diseases
35
Basophilia
``` > 0.2x10^9/L thyroid insufficiency inflammatory reactions chronic myeloproliferative diseases basophilic leukemia ```
36
Reactive Monocytosis
chronic infectious processes (bacterial) inflammatory & immune disorders chronic neutropenic disorders
37
Basket Cell
nuclear remnants from smear prep
38
Smudge Cells
smudged nucleus during smear prep | common in chronic lymphocytic leukemia due to increased cell fragility
39
Manual WBC count
(# of cells counted)/ (# of squares x L x W x D) multiplied by dilution factor
40
Interpreting Leukocytosis
slight elevations = bacterial infections | extreme elevations = leukemias
41
Interpreting Leukopenia
viral infections | chemotherapy
42
Interpreting Neutrophilia
inflammation bacterial infections myelocytic leukemia leukomoid reaction
43
Interpreting Lymphocytosis
increase in atypical lymphs in a young adult/teenager can indicate infectious mononucleosis (viral infection)
44
Interpreting Monocytosis
during recovery phase from acute infections TB monocytic leukemia
45
Interpreting Eosinophilia
allergies parasites granulocytic leukemia
46
Interpreting Basophilia
granulocytic leukemias | severe allergic reactions
47
Interpreting Neutropenia
acute viral infection bone marrow damage overwhelming infection (BM exhausted) chemo
48
Interpreting Lymphopenia
radiation poisoning cortical steriods sepsis
49
Left Shift
immature cells that are not usually present in the PB
50
Flipped Diff
more lymphocytes than segs
51
Nucleated RBC count
(WBC count x100)/ (100+# of NRBCs) = corrected WBC count

Hematology (14 decks)

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