WC fall exam Flashcards
Confucianism
a system of philosophical and ethical teachings founded by Confucius and developed by Mencius.
Daoism
a Chinese philosophy based on the writings of Lao-tzu ( fl. 6th century BC), advocating humility and religious piety.
Buddhism
a widespread Asian religion or philosophy, founded by Siddartha Gautama in northeastern India in the 5th century BCç
The Analects
a collection of short literary or philosophical extracts.
The Tao Te Ching
the central Taoist text, ascribed to Lao-tzu, the traditional founder of Taoism. Apparently written as a guide for rulers, it defined the Tao, or way, and established the philosophical basis of Taoism.
Nirvana
(in Buddhism) a transcendent state in which there is neither suffering, desire, nor sense of self, and the subject is released from the effects of karma and the cycle of death and rebirth. It represents the final goal of Buddhism.
Mandate of Heaven
a Chinese political and philosophical concept that legitimized the right of a ruler to rule, asserting that Heaven granted this authority and could revoke it based on the ruler’s performance
Silk Road
an ancient network of trade routes that connected the East and West, primarily during the Han Dynasty of China (206 BCE - 220 CE)
Filial Piety
emphasizing respect, obedience, and care for one’s parents and elders
Yin Yang
two complementary, opposite forces in Chinese philosophy, representing the fundamental duality of the universe and the balance between them
Dalai Lama
the spiritual head of Tibetan Buddhism and, until the establishment of Chinese communist rule, the spiritual and temporal ruler of Tibet.
Arable
(of land) used or suitable for growing crops.
Samurai
a member of a powerful military caste in feudal Japan, especially a member of the class of military retainers of the daimyos.
Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong (26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976) was a Chinese politician, revolutionary, and political theorist who founded the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949 and led the country from its establishment until his death in 1976.
Cultural Revolution
It was launched by Mao Zedong in 1966 and lasted until 1976. Its stated goal was to preserve Chinese socialism by purging remnants of capitalist and traditional elements from Chinese society.
Sanskrit
an ancient Indo-European language of India, in which the Hindu scriptures and classical Indian epic poems are written and from which many northern Indian (Indic) languages are derived.
Caste
each of the hereditary classes of Hindu society, distinguished by relative degrees of ritual purity or pollution and of social status.
Sikhs
an adherent of Sikhism.
East India Company
a British joint-stock company founded in 1600 to trade with the East Indies (India, Southeast Asia, and East Asia)
Mohandas Gandhi
Indian lawyer, politician, social activist, and writer who became the leader of the Indian Independence
Jawaharlal Nehru
leader of India’s nationalist movement and India’s first prime minister after independence
Mohammed Ali Jinnah
founder and first governor-general (1947–48) of Pakistan. He is revered as the father of Pakistan
Muslim League
The Muslim World League’s mission is to introduce Islam and the moderate values presented in the Quran and Sunnah. Further, the Muslim World League seeks to spread a message of “peace and harmony” that strengthens Islam’s resolve and unity around the world.
Punjab
The Land of Five Waters”, referring to the rivers Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej, and Beas. All are tributaries of the Indus River, the Sutlej being the largest.
