WCF Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
gravidity
A
Number of pregnancies
2
Q
parity
A
number of births after 24 weeks (still births and live births)
3
Q
nulliparous
A
has not delivered a baby
4
Q
multip
A
previous delivery of at least 1 baby
5
Q
grand multip
A
number of previous births >4
6
Q
what are grandmultips at risk of
A
post partum haemorrhage
7
Q
EDD
A
estimated date of delivery
8
Q
SFH
A
symphysis fundal height (measure from fundus of uterus to pubic symphysis
9
Q
booking appointment
A
10 weeks
10
Q
dating scan
A
12 weeks
11
Q
screening bloods
A
16 weeks
12
Q
anomaly scan
A
18-20
13
Q
what rhesus combo is bad
A
Rh -ve mum Rh +ve baby
14
Q
how soon must anti-d be given
A
within 7 days of the incident
15
Q
neonate
A
<4 weeks
16
Q
infant
A
<1yr
17
Q
toddler
A
1-2yrs
18
Q
preschool/young child
A
2-5yrs
19
Q
school age/older child
A
5-11yrs
20
Q
adolescent
A
12-18yrs
21
Q
what trimester is warfarin teratogenic in?
A
1st trimester - increased risk of intracranial bleed in foetus
22
Q
how long can retinoids remain in the body
A
2yrs - conception should be avoided in this period
23
Q
effect of teratogens in the pre-embryonic period
A
either no effect or prevents implantation
24
Q
effect of teratogens in the 1st trimester
A
organogenesis (2-8wks), major anatomical defects, irreparable tissue damage
25
effect of teratogens in the foetal period to term
fetal growth, continued brain renal differentiation, neonatal problems etc.
26
teratogenic effect of sodium valproate
spina bifida and neural tube defects
| dose related IQ effects
27
teratogenic effect of phenytoin
fetal anticonvulsant syndrome
28
teratogenic effect of carbamazepine
NTDs and fetal anticonvulsant syndrome
29
teratogenic effect of Lamotrigine
cleft lip
30
what drug should be given to pregnant women on anticonvulsants and from when
vitamin K from 36 weeks
31
antiphospholipid syndrome has increased risk of...
miscarriage
32
does heparin cross the placenta?
no
33
effect of prostaglandins in a pregnant woman
induce labour
34
effect of oxytocin in labour
brings on contractions
35
effect of tocolytics
=competitive inhibitor of oxytocin, stops labour (e.g. nifedipine)
36
what are ergot derivatives
given postpartum, stops blood supply to the placenta
37
what 3 serious bacterial infections must be proactively ruled out in a sick child?
- sepsis
- meningitis
- penumonia
38
Signs of compensated shock
- Tachycardia
- Poor perfusion (cap refill >3sec)
- Decreased tone (floppy - decreased blood to brain)
- Petechial rash
39
What does a petechial rash indicate
Meningococcal infection
40
signs of meningitis
- Neck stiffness
- Bulging fontanelle (<18months)
- Irritability
41
Under what age should ALL children receive a septic screen?
<3months
42
Signs of respiratory distress
- tachypnoea
- recession
- use of accessory muscles (sternocleidomastoid - tracheal tug)
- expiratory grunt
43
2 causes of recession
- obstructive disease (e.g. asthma, croup, epiglottis, bronchiolitis)
- stiff lungs (e.g. pneumonia, pulmonary oedema)
44
cause of epiglottits
Haemophilis influenza type B
45
cause of croup
parainfluenza virus
46
description of lobar pneumonia
focal infection in the alveolar space in 1 lobe of the lung
47
leading cause of lobar pneumonia
streptococcal pneuminiae
48
3 less common causes of lobar pneumonia
- haemophilis influenza type B
- staph. aureus
- group A strep
49
does lobar pneumonia cause recession?
NO - no obstruction and no stiff lungs
50
definition of broncho/interstitial pneumonia
infection in all the peri-vascular scaffolds of the lung (everywhere!)
51
cause of broncho/interstitial pneumonia
- adults + children <10yrs = mycoplasma pneumonia (treat with erythromycin)
- children = VIRAL
52
signs of broncho/interstitial pneumonia in children
recession and significant hypoxia
| stiff lungs
53
what type of breath sounds do you get with lobar pneumonia?
bronchial breathing
54
signs of lobar pneumonia
- bronchial breathing
- decreased expansion
- dull on percussion
55
signs of pleural effusion
- decreased expansion
- stony dullness on percussion
- decreased breath sounds
56
signs of pneumothorax
- decreased chest expansion
- hyperesonant percussion
- absent breath sounds
- tracheal deviation (away from pneumothorax)
57
signs of heart failure in adults
- tachycardia (with gallop rhythm)
- fine late inspiratory crackers (both bases)
- raised JVP
- peripheral oedema
58
Course of RSV bronchiolitis
- begins as URTI
- worsens for 3 days
- static for 3 days
- slow recovery (w/ tachypnoea + cough) for 1-2wks
59
clinical presentation of RSV bronchiolitis
- chest cough
- resp. distress
- hypoxia
- vesicular breath sounds
- bilateral fine crackles
- wheeze (sometimes)
60
duration of a viral fever
5 days - any longer = bacterial cause
61
reasons for failure to improve after 6 days
- secondary bacterial infection
- heart failure
- immunodeficiency
- TAPVD
62
Management of RSV bronchiolitis
- supportive
- feeding
- O2
63
preventative strategies for RSV bronchiolitis
Palivizumab injection (only for at risk individuals)
64
Importance of O2 sats in croup?
should be normal --> if not = critical airway (emergency)
65
signs of croup
inspiratory stridor and barking cough
66
noise of intrathoracic problem
expiratory noise
67
noise of extrathoracic problem
inspiratory noise
68
what does stridor indicate in croup
critical airway! do not examine, as could cause obstruction --> keep child calm
69
signs of epiglottitis
- inspiratory stridor, barking cough
| - drooling
70
management of croup
-corticosteroid (dexamethasone)
-adrenaline nebuliser
(-intubation and ventilation)
71
3 common causes of sepsis in neonates
Group B streptococcus
E. coli
Listeria monocytogenes
72
common cause of sepsis in 1st yr of life
staph aureus
73
classic organisms causing sepsis
N. meningitides
Strep. pneumoniae
Haemophilis influenza type B
74
when treating meningitis, what do you focus on first?
SHOCK
75
how much weight should a child gain per week
6 ounces (180g)
76
3 common malabsorption problems
- coeliac disease (only presents when they're weaned onto solids)
- CF
- Cows milk protein intolerance
77
Cause of lactose intolerance
rotavirus --> viral diarrhoea --> destroys microvilli, which contain lactase, so you become temporarily lactose intolerant
78
how is CF diagnosed?
- sweat test
| - genetics
79
what antenatal USS finding indicates CF?
echogenic bowel (mucus obstructs bowel)
80
3 things required for linear growth
-genetics
-nutrition
-hormones
(+nuturing environment)
81
onset of puberty in males
12-12.5yrs males
82
what indicates onset of puberty in males?
testicular growth (4ml testis indicates onset of puberty)
83
aspects of tanner staging...
```
males = penile length + testicular volume
females = breast development, pubic hair and axillary hair
```
84
target height calculation
target height = mid-parental centime +/- 8.5cm
85
Initial investigations for short stature
```
U+E/creatinine
FBC/ESR/CRP
bone biochemistry
bicarb (abnormal in eg. renal tubular acidosis)
anti-TTG/IgA
chromosomes
TFT
IGF-1
bone age - XR of non-dominant hand and wrist
```
86
2nd line investigations of short stature
GH provocation tests
Insulin induced hypoglycaemia
Genetics
etc.
87
syndromic causes of tall stature
- kleinfelters syndrome
| - overgrowth syndrome
88
endocrine causes of tall stature
- precocious puberty
- GH secreting pituitary tumour
- hyperthyroidism
89
Investigations for tall stature
Karyotyping
T4 + TSH
IGF-1
Bone age
90
how much more iron do you need in pregnancy?
3x
91
treatment for women at high risk of VTE in pregnancy
- prophylactic aspirin in 1st trimester
| - clexane in 2nd trimester (?)
92
test for gestational diabetes
oral glucose tolerance test
93
4 groups of women at increased risk of gestational diabetes
- prev. gestational diabetes
- asian descent
- high BMI
- Macrosomic fetus
94
hypertension at booking visit or before 20 weeks =
chronic hypertension (nothing to do with pregnancy)
95
gestational hypertension
hypertension after 20wks, without significant proteinuria
96
pre-eclampsia
new hypertension after 20wks, with significant proteinuria
97
severe pre-eclampsia
severe hypertension and/or symptoms and/or biochemical/haematological impairment
98
eclampsia
convulsive condition associated with pre-eclampsia
99
at what BMI do women require consultant led care?
>35
100
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