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Swine Production Exam 3 > Weaning Systems > Flashcards

Weaning Systems Flashcards

0
Q

Examples of pig-to-pig disease transfer:

A
  • Sow to piglet
  • Nursery to piglet
  • Grow/finish to nursery
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1
Q

Primary mode of disease transfer is…

A

Pig-to-pig

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2
Q

Pigs weaned _____ generally have antibody protection from COLOSTRUM.

A

< 21 days of age

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3
Q

Name the 3 types of Early Weaning Systems:

A
  1. ) Segregated Early Weaning (SEW)
  2. ) Medicated Early Weaning (MEW)
  3. ) Specific Pathogen Free (SPF)
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4
Q

Name 5 benefits of early weaning

A
  1. ) Reduces production losses caused by disease
  2. ) Reduces medication costs
  3. ) Maximum potential for lean growth
  4. ) Increases pigs/female/year
  5. ) Reduces need for total depopulation of herds
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5
Q

Name 5 drawbacks of early weaning

A
  1. ) Weaning to 1st service interval often increases *
  2. ) Farrowing rates may be reduced *
  3. ) Subsequent total pigs born may be reduced *
    • Greatest impact weaning age of 14 d or less
  4. ) Expense of moving animals
  5. ) Modified nursery equipment and expensive feed
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6
Q

SEW Weaning age < 21 d

A
  • Pigs have high levels of antibodies from colostrum

- Protected from infectious agents carried by their dams

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7
Q

SEW Weaning age varies for specific diseases:

A

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae < 21 d
TGE < 10 d
PRRS < 10 d

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8
Q

Segregating prevents _____ of infectious diseases.

A

Vertical transmission

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9
Q

Two methods of segregation of pigs:

A
  • Transport piglets from farrowing site to another facility

- Moving sows to breeding/gestation facility and leaving piglets where they were born

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10
Q

SPF

A
  • Pigs free from a certain disease at birth

- An expensive method to replace foundation stock

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11
Q

SPF Diseases

A 
Enzootic pnemonia
Infectious rhinitis
Pseudorabies
Brucellosis
Leptospirosis
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12
Q

Primary SPF herds are used to…

A

Supply multiplying herds

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13
Q

In SPF, new bloodlines are introduced via…

A

ET or AI

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14
Q

In primary SPF herds, pigs are born via..

A

C-section - 2-4 days before due date

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15
Q

In primary SPF herds, piglets nurse from _____ on the farm they will be going to. This allows for pigs to get _____ and increase their _____.

A

Nurse from synchronized foster sows

-To get antibodies and increase survival rates

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16
Q

In primary SPF herds, some piglets are…

A

Reared artificially or

Introduced to farms

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17
Q

In secondary SPF herds, they

A

Raise breeding stock for commercial producers

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18
Q

In secondary SPF herds, offspring are born..

A

Naturally

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19
Q

In secondary SPF herds, there are frequent..

A

Checks for presence of specific pathogens

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20
Q

When pigs in the nursery are healthy, this sets the stage for overall production efficiency, including:

A
  • Feed intake
  • Feed efficiency
  • Growth rate
  • Mortality rate
  • Morbidity
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21
Q

What is the most common way to sort pigs?

A

Grouping by weight

22
Q

Why is grouping by weight the most common method?

A
  • Most efficient
  • Makes diet switching easier
  • Social order established quicker
23
Q

Pigs < 21 d of age will not benefit from _____.

A

Creep feeding

24
As age of weaning decreases, the cost of feed and labor _____.
Increases
25
Feeding weaned pigs - what is generally added?
Preventative medication
26
Weaned pigs are fed by..
On a feeding board
27
1st 60-h post-weaning
Gruel of diet and water | Teaching pigs how to eat
28
Identify pigs that are are not eating based on:
- Fuzzy hair coat - Sunken abdomen - Sunken eyes
29
Place pigs near the feeder to...
Associate the food in mouth with grain in the feeder
30
1st 5 days...
All pigs try to eat at the same time; place feed on feeding board to provide ample space
31
Pellet or crumble - Pigs will.... This limits _____ and _____.
Take mouthful of feed to resting area and allow saliva to soften before swallowing. This limits feed intake and increases feed wastage
32
Nursery diet: Digestion enzymes
Lactase Amylase The ingredients included in diets are highly dependent on the age of pigs
33
Lactase
Digestion of milk carbs | -Higher at birth, peaks at 2-3 weeks and then declines
34
Amylase
Digestion of carbs in cereal grains | -Lower at birth, increases with age
35
Nursery Protein Sources: High-quality protein
High-quality protein | -Smooth transition from milk to solid feed, minimize post-weaning growth lag
36
Nursery Protein Sources:
Dried skim milk: highly digestible, balanced AAs - feed 1-2 weeks post-weaning - Spray Dried Plasma Protein (High in protein and lysine) - Spray Dried Egg Protein - Spray Dried Blood Meal (deficient in methionine) - Fish meal - SBM
37
_____ pigs cannot break down the protein and carbohydrates
3-week old pigs
38
Protein in pigs that cannot break down causes...
Severe damage to lining of the intestinal tract - Lowers digestion and absorption - Raises susceptibility to enterotoxins
39
Nursery carbohydrates: Initial diets should contain _____ lactose.
15-25% lactose (transition from milk)
40
Nursery Carb examples:
Dried Whey and Corn | -Some studies suggest further processed out products rather than corn for easier digestion
41
Weaned Pig Comfort:
- Comfort mats | - made of wood, rubber, etc.
42
Comfort mats prevent _____
Drafts
43
Comfort mats provide areas for...
Sleeping/laying and Floor feeding
44
Comfort also includes...
Zone heating: heat lamps, radiant gas heaters
45
6 sources of stress
1. ) Removal from mother 2. ) Change in form, consistency, frequency of meals 3. ) Change in environment 4. ) Mixing of litters 5. ) Establishment of new social orders 6. ) Weak immune response
46
Colostrum immunity is low _____ and pig's natural immunity is _____.
Post 21-d age | Natural immunity is not fully functional
47
6 ways to reduce stress
1. ) Clean, dry environment 2. ) Pens sorted by size or 2-3 intact litters 3. ) Avoid overcrowding 4. ) Monitoring ventilation rates 5. ) Access to clean, fresh water 6. ) Identify, treat and remove sick pigs
48
Common stress-induced problems:
Tail biting and naval sucking
49
Sorting by weight can _____ the # of incidences of stress-induced problems. What other two solutions can be attempted to reduce stress problems?
Decrease
50
What other two solutions can be attempted to reduce stress problems?
1. ) Proper tail clipping 2. ) Removal to a separate pen is often the best option - Biter or victim
51
Observation of comfort: When pigs are piled up on one another, they are...
Cold
52
Observation of comfort: When pigs are spaced out with some touching...
Comfortable
53
Observation of comfort: When pigs are spread out with no touching...
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Swine Production Exam 3 (6 decks)

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